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Biology > Quiz 1 MP4 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 MP4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_____ the body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

A

analogous structures

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2
Q

_____ English scientist whose ideas were supported by fossil evidence

A

charles darwin

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3
Q

_____ is a mechanism for change in populations

A

natural selection

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4
Q

_____ individuals with either extreme of trait’s variation selected for

A

distruptive selection

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5
Q

_____ the evolution of a new species

A

speciation

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6
Q

_____ all of the alleles of the population’s genes

A

gene pool

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7
Q

_____ provide a record of early life and evolutionary history

A

fossils

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8
Q

_____ an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings

A

camouflage

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9
Q

_____ the gradual change in a species through adaptations over time

A

evolution

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10
Q

_____ natural selection that favors the average individual in a population

A

stabilizing selection

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11
Q

_____ is a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species

A

mimicry

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12
Q

_____ the grouping of objects or information based on similarities

A

classification

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13
Q

_____ the branch of biology that groups and names organisms

A

taxonomy

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14
Q

_____ structures with common evolutionary origins

A

homologous structures

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15
Q

_____ occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

A

directional selection

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16
Q

_____ adaptations in the appendages of organisms that better suit the organism’s chance of survival

A

structural adaptations

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17
Q

_____ speciation occurs relatively quickly, in rapid bursts, with long periods of genetic equilibrium

A

punctuated equilibrium

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18
Q

_____ is the idea that species originate through a gradual change in adaptations

A

gradualism

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19
Q

_____ the evolution of a structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring

A

adaptations

20
Q

_____ the ability of an organism, such as bacteria, plants, or animals, to withstand (stand up to, fight, combat, not be affected by) the effects of a harmful chemical agent. name examples

A

resistance
bacteria not dying to antibiotics, weeds not dying to a herbicide, bugs not dying to an insecticide

21
Q

_____ the pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestor species become increasingly distinct/different

A

divergent evolution

22
Q

_____ the pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits and come together

A

convergent evolution

23
Q

list the levels of classification from the largest group (most broad) to smallest group (most specific)
how can you remember this?

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
(kpcofgs: king pearson came over for golden strawberries)

24
Q

list the six kingdoms

A

animalia
plantae
fungi
protista
archaebacteria
eubacteria

25
Q

list 3-4 characteristics of the animalia kingdom

A

-heterotrophs
-usually eukaryotic (multicellular)
-mobile (can move)
-no cell wall
(extra: complex organ systems)

26
Q

list 3-4 characteristics of the plantae kingdom

A

-cell wall
-chloroplast
-most are autotrophs
-stationary
(extra: multicellular)

27
Q

list 3-4 characteristics of the fungi kingdom

A

-either unicellular or multicellular
-eukaryotes
-heterotrophs
-stationary
(extra: more than 50,000 known species)

28
Q

list 3-4 characteristics of the protista kingdom

A

-eukaryotic
-live in most environments
-some unicellular but most multicellular
-lack complex organ systems
(extra: protsists existed up to 2 billion years ago)

29
Q

list 3-4 characteristics of the archaebacteria kingdom

A

-microscopic
-unicellular
-lack nuclei bound by a membrane
-several hundred species
(extra: live in extreme environments)

30
Q

list 3-4 characteristics of the eubacteria kingdom

A

-prokaryotes
-5000 species
-very strong cell wall
-less complex genetic make-up
(extra: live in most habitats except for extreme ones inhabited by archaebacteria)

31
Q

define eukaryotes

A

unicellular or multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

32
Q

define prokaryotes

A

unicellular organism, such as bacteria, which lack internal membrane-bound structures

33
Q

the following are examples of ____ adaptations: mimicry, camouflage

A

structural

34
Q

the following are examples of ____ adaptations: metablic processes (resistance)

A

physiological

35
Q

what are the 4 evidences of evolution used by scientists?

A

fossils
studies of anatomy: homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures
embryology
biochemistry: DNA, uses of ATP, enzymes

36
Q

study gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

A

google

37
Q

when comparing the DNA between two organisms, they are more closely related the _____ substitutes there are to exist

A

fewer

38
Q

when comparing the DNA between two organisms, they are less closely related the _____ substitutes there are to exist

A

more

39
Q

when an organism moves out of a population there is a _____ in the gene pool

A

loss

40
Q

when an organism moves into a population there is an _____ in the gene pool

A

addition (a gain)

41
Q

_____ is all of the alleles of the population’s genes

A

gene pool

42
Q

_____ is the percent of any specific allele in the gene pool

A

allelic frequency

43
Q

_____ is when scientists refer to a population in which the frequency of alleles stays the same over generations

A

genetic equilibrium

44
Q

t/f: populations evolve not individuals
what does this mean?

A

true
within a single organism’s lifetime it cannot evolve a new phenotype by natural selection in response to its environment

45
Q

what will allow an organism to survive and reproduce would be because?

A

they have certain physical characteristics
they lack certain physical characteristics
they engage in certain behaviors

Biology (8 decks)

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