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Biology > Quiz 1 MP3 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 MP3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Before a cell begins the process of copying its’ DNA the DNA must first have the hydrogen bonds holding complementary base pairs broken apart (unzipped) by an enzyme known as

A

Helicase

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2
Q

Before DNA can be copied and put into a new cell the chromosomes must be copied ina process called

A

DNA Replication

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3
Q

What phase of the Cell Cycle does DNA become copied?

A

Interphase

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4
Q

When DNA Replication is complete there are __________ new identical DNA strands?

A

2

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5
Q

Explain DNA Replication in your own words

A

-We have a strand if DNA that we need to make a copy of
-The enzyme helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds
-As the strands separate, polymerase pairs the strands (A to T and G to C)
-We end up with two identical strands of DNA

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6
Q

Describe genotypes

A

The allele combination an organism contains

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7
Q

Describe phenotype

A

The way an organism looks and behaves

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8
Q

Since DNA is made up of __________ strands twisted together its shape is called a

A

Double helix

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9
Q

What is the role of DNA helicase in the replication of DNA?

A

“unzip” the DNA
(break the hydrogen bonds)

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10
Q

What type of biological molecule is DNA helicase?

A

Enzyme

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11
Q

What parts of the nucleotide make up the sides (backbone) of the “ladder”?

A

Sugar and phosphate

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12
Q

DNA is often drawn in a “ladder model”. What part(s) make up the rungs of the “ladder” (where you step on a ladder)?

A

The nitrogenous bases - guanine, cytosine, thymine, and adenine

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13
Q

Which nucleotide component contains nitrogen?

A

The base

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14
Q

What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?

A

Simple sugar (deoxyribose)

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15
Q

What type of bond holds the complementary base pairs together?

A

Hydrogen

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16
Q

The genetic material of a cell is located within the _____ of the cell.

A

nucleus

17
Q

One of the first steps that occurs during the process of DNA REPLICATION is that the enzyme
(A)
_breaks the hydrogen bonds hoiding together complementary base
pairs. Once each strand is broken apart the enzyme DNA
(B).
finds a
new nitrogen base pair for each open nitrogen base.

A

a) helicase
b) polymerase

18
Q

In your own words give your best definition / explanation to the terms SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION?

A

A piece of the original is used to build a new half of DNA (a new side of DNA)

19
Q

What are the three parts that make up a NUCLEOTIDE?

A

Phosphate group
Simple sugar (deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous bases (ATGC)

20
Q

The term homozygous can be defined as being an organism in which it’s two alleles for the traits are DIFFERENT.

A

False

21
Q

The term heterozygous can be defined as an organism in which it’s two alleles for the trait are the SAME.

A

False

22
Q

TRUE / FALSE: Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because they reproduced sexually due to the fact that pea plants produce male and female gametes on the same plant.

A

True

23
Q

TRUE / FALSE: DNA is a MONOMER made of repeating subunits called NITROGENOUS BASES.

A

False

24
Q

Write in the space provided below the full and accurate name for the molecule of life, DNA.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

25
Q

The following scientist is best known for their contribution to the discovery of the molecular structure of DNA.

A

Rosalind Franklin

26
Q

Who chose to study pea plants because they reproduced sexually due to the fact that pea plants produce male and female gametes on the same plant?

A

Gregor Mendel

27
Q

Number the steps below in order to describe the replication of DNA in a cell.
a)Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form.
b)Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break.
c)Strands of DNA separate.
d)Free nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA.

A

a) 4
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

28
Q

DNA molecules can be tens of thousands of base pairs in length. Mistakes in DNA replication lead to mutations, which may or may not be harmful to an organism. How does semi-conservative replication help prevent mutations during DNA replication?

A

The new base must fit with the old, so the old will make an exact copy when base pairing

Biology (8 decks)

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