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CD 660 Structural Disorders > Quiz 2 Motor Pathways, Flaccid, Spastic and Ataxic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Motor Pathways, Flaccid, Spastic and Ataxic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

A LMN lesion to CN V, we expect to see the jaw deviate to the ___ side during opening

A

weak/affected

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2
Q

A right lower facial weakness is consistent with damage to ____

A

Left UMN

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3
Q

Atrophy is a confirmatory sign for _____ dysarthria

A

Flaccid

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4
Q

Fasciculations are confirmatory signs for _____

A

Flaccid dysarthria

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5
Q

Flaccid dysarthria affects the muscle of:

A

respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, and resonance

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6
Q

Flaccid Dysarthria is:

A

a motor speech disorder caused by disruption of the flow of neural impulses along the lower motor neurons

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7
Q

In flaccid dysarthria, hypernaslity is usually due to damage to _____

A

CN X

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8
Q

The combined presence of what two symptoms is the strongest confirmatory sign that flaccid dysarthria is the correct diagnosis?

A

hypernasality and phonatory incompetence

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9
Q

The final common pathway refers to:

A

lower motor neurons

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10
Q

The most common speech characteristics of flaccid dysarthria include:

A

hypernasality, imprecise consonants, and breathy voice quality

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11
Q

The primary neuromuscular characteristic in patients with flaccid dysarthria is ____.

A

weakness

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12
Q

We expect to see the tongue deviated to the ____ side a LMN lesion to CN XII

A

weak/affected

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13
Q

What are three evaluation tasks commonly used in evoking the speech characteristics most associated with dysarthria in motor speech evaluation?

A

conversational speech and reading, AMR tasks, and vowel prolongations

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a cause of flaccid dysarthria?

A

Post-traumatic stress syndrome

*True: physical trauma, brainstem stroke, muscular dystrophy

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15
Q

Damage to CN XII will result in dysphonia

A

False

CN X

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16
Q

True or False

Damage to indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality (i.e. spasticity) in individuals with dysarthria

A

True

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17
Q

Fasciculations are a sign of LMN damage

A

True

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18
Q

Hyperreflexia is a sign of LMN damage

A

False

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19
Q

Hypotonia is a sign of LMN damage

A

True

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20
Q

Repeating “puhtuhkuh” is an example of SMR

A

True

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21
Q

True or False

The cerebellum plays a role in motor programming

A

True

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22
Q

The corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts belong to the extrapyramidal system

A

False

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23
Q

The corticobulbar tract plays an important role for normal speech production

A

True

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24
Q

The muscles of the left half of the upper face receive innervation only from the ipsilateral motor cortex

A

False

25
Q

Unilateral LMN damage usually results in a mild flaccid dysarthria

A

True

26
Q

A single stroke can cause spastic dysarthria only when it occurs in the _____

A

brainstem

27
Q

Bulbar palsy is:

A

A general term meaning atrophy and weakness in muscles innervated through the medulla

28
Q

Damage to the _____ pathways (or _____ system) causes weak and slow movement of the tongue, lips, velum, and other speech structures

A

Pyramidal; direct activation

29
Q

Damage to the _____ pathways (or _____ system) can result in weakness, increased muscle tone (spasticity), and abnormal muscle reflexes

A

Extrapyramidal; indirect activation

30
Q

In which dysarthria type is slowness of speech the most pronounced and common?

A

spastic dysarthria

31
Q

Of the five components of speech, which one is the least compromised with the presence of spastic dysarthria?

A

respiration

32
Q

Of the following statements regarding differential diagnosis between flaccid dysarthria and spastic dysarthria, which one is FALSE?

A

Hypernasality is often more severe in spastic dysarthria than in flaccid dysarthria

33
Q

Pathological oral reflexes are consistent with ____ dysarthria

A

spastic

34
Q

Pseudobulbar palsy is:

A

used to describe spastic dysarthria

35
Q

Spastic Dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to:

A

the pyramidal and extrapyramidal neural pathways

36
Q

Spastic Dysarthria is due to which kind of damage?

A

Bilateral UMN

37
Q

The difference between the hypernasality noted in spastic dysarthria and flaccid dysarthria is that hypernasality in spastic dysarthria does not genrerally include_____

A

Nasal emission

38
Q

The most common articulation disorder in patients with spastic dysarthria, according to Darley et al is:

A

imprecise consonants

39
Q

Uncontrollable crying or laughing that can accompany damage to the upper motor neurons of the brainstem, caused by damage to the areas of the brain that are important in inhibiting emotions is known as:

A

pseudobulbar affect

40
Q

What are possible causes of spastic dysarthria?

A

stroke, ALS, traumatic head injury, multiple sclerosis

41
Q

What is one of the features that distinguish spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria?

A

Spastic dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to upper motor neurons

42
Q

Which neuromuscular characteristic is consistent with spastic dysarthria?

A

spasticity

43
Q

Damage to indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality (i.e. spasticity) in individuals with dysarthria

A

True

44
Q

Damage to indirect activation pathways result in increased muscle tone, spasticity and over responses of reflexes

A

True

45
Q

In spastic dysarthria, damages to the extrapyramidal system would result in weakness and reduced muscle tones for speech components

A

False

46
Q

In spastic dysarthria, we look for patterns of movement of the speech components instead of weakness for a specific muscle

A

True

47
Q

Pseudobulbar affect (emotional lability) is most commonly associated with ataxic dysarthria

A

False

48
Q

The pyramidal system is responsible for facilitating discrete, skilled motor movements, such as speech sounds

A

True

49
Q

Ataxic dysarthria is associated with damage to the:

A

cerebellum

50
Q

Patients with ____ dysarthria tend to present unsteady vowel prolongation

A

ataxic

51
Q

The cerebellum influences speech production through:

A

the (cortico) cerebellar control circuit and indirect synapses to other cortical areas

52
Q

The cerebellum is a very important part of the:

A

Motor system

53
Q

The most prevalen speech error (Darley et al., 1969) in ataxic dysarthria is:

A

imprecise consonant production

54
Q

The movement deficits of timing, force, range, and direction known as ______

A

Cerebellar Ataxia

55
Q

Which of the following is NOT a prosodic deficit present in the speech of individuals with ataxic dysarthria?

A

All

articulatory breakdowns

prolonged phonemes

monopitch

slow rate

56
Q

Which speech systems are most impacted by ataxic dysarthria?

A

articulation and prosody

57
Q

Which type of dysarthria is characterized by irregular articulatory errors?

A

Ataxic Dysarthria

58
Q

_____ are most prominent sign/symptoms for ataxia

A

Articulation inaccuracy and scanning-like prosody

CD 660 Structural Disorders (6 decks)

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