Hypo/Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria Flashcards by Kent Melendez

Hypokinetic Dysarthria can manifest in any or all of the aspects of speech, but which three is it most prominent?

A. Voice, Articulation, and Prosody

B. Prosody, Respiration, and Phonatory

C. Articulation, Phonatory, and Respiration

D. Voice, Respiration, and Prosody

A - Voice, Articulation and Prosody

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is caused by any process that damages the ____

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is unique due to its increased rate as a symptom

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three grey matter structures that make up the Basal Ganglia?

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To function properly the Basal Ganglia depends on the balanced interaction of these two neurotransmitters

Dopamine (inhibitory)

Acetylcholine (excitatory)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following are functions of the Basal Ganglia?

A. Sequencing of movement

B. Regulating the force of muscular contraction

C. Movement Initiation

D. Adjusting movements to the environment

E. All of the above

E - All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A problem with ____ _____ is what causes improper control of vocalization

Sensorimotor Integration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Damage to the Basal Ganglia tends to result in either reduced movement or excess involuntary movement

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When there is a _____ of dopamine then you will get ____ movement

lack ; reduced

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When there is _____ Dopamine then you will get ____ involuntary movement

excess ; excess

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Hyperkinesia is due to a lack of dopamine

False

excess

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True or False

Hypokinesia is due to a lack of dopamine

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reduced mobility, increased muscle tone, resistance to movement, and difficulty to initiate or stop movement are all attributes of:

Hypokinesia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Involuntary movements, excessive or unpredictable increases in muscle tone and movement are characteristics of:

Hyperkinesia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the follwing are causes of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A. Degenerative diseases

B. Vascular

C. Stroke in frontal lobe white matter

D. Infections (e.g. encephalitis, HIV, AIDS)

E. All of the above

E - All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parkinson’s Diseased is due to:

reduction of dopamine in striatum

*causing too much production of acetylcholine; reducing the inhibitory function of the Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Match the characteristics to their corresponding terminology:

A. Rigidity abnormal/extreme slow movement

B. Akinesia increased tone

C. Hypokinesia loss of movement

D. Bradykinesia fewer movements

Rigidity - increased tone

Akinesia - loss of movement

Hypokinesia - fewer movements

Bradykinesia - abnormal/extreme slow movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some of the nonspeech characteristics present in Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

tremor at rest

reduced range of motion during AMRs

masked or expressionless facial expression

Match the speech characterstics found in Hypokinetic Dysarthria:

A. Respiration Imprecise consonants

B. Phonation Aphonia in connected speech

C. Resonance Reduced loudness/monoloudness

D. Articulation Mild Hypernasality

Respiration - reduced loudness/monoloudness

Phonation - hoarseness, breathiness, monopitch, lowered pitch

Resonance - mild hypernasality

Articulation - imprecise consonants, rapid/blurred AMRs, repeated phonemes at beginning of words

The prosody of a person with Hypokinetic Dysarthria you are likely to see:

inappropriate silences, short rushes of speech, increased overall rate

What is palilalia?

The repetition of utterances

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria can manifest in any or all of the areas of speech: articulation, resonance, phonation, respiration, and prosody. Yet its most prominent effect happens in:

Prosody

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria happens due to:

excessive activity in dopaminergic pathways

Match the type of Dyskinesia based on description:

A. Chorea Abnormal posture due to excessive
co-contraction

B. Myoclonus Rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless
movements of a body part

C. Dystonia Involuntary single or repetitive jerks
rhythmic (sometimes arrythmic)

Chorea - rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless movements of a body part

Myoclonus - involuntary single or repetitive jerks
rhyhtmic (sometimes arrythmic)

Dystonia - abnormal posture due to excessive co-contraction

Tics are:

rapid, stereotyped, patterned movement

Slow, writhing, purposeless movements are descriptions for:

Athetosis

Individuals with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria have tremors that affect all muscles of speech, but is *frequently* restricted to the:

larynx

True or False Hyperkinetic Dysarthria is caused by known etiologies \*Hint 89%

False unknown etiologies

True or False The oral mech for a person with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria may appear normal, but may manifest through *involuntary movements*

True

Dystonia and Chorea share similar **nonspeech characteristics**, but one trait makes them different

Chorea - prevalence of relatively **fast** involuntary movements Dystonia - prevalence of relatively **slow** involuntary movements

Some or all aspects of speech may be affected due to Hyperkinetic Dysarthria, but two traits are not as heavily impacted

Respiration and Resonance

True or False Nonrhythmic hyperkinesia is characterized by slurred, slow or halting speech

True

Shaky voice, voice tightness and the sensation of the voice not wanting to come out are all attributes of:

Laryngeal Hyperkinesia

True or False The speech characteristic for Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea) are quick, unsustained, and unpredictable

True \*may occur in the jaw, face, tongue, palate, larynx or respiratory system

Quick, involuntary adductor or abductor movements of the vocal cords can produce ***sudden voice arrests with intermittent strained quality or transient nasal emission*** are all characteristics of what aspect of speech affected by Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (**Chorea**)?

Phonation

Individuals with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (**Chorea**), their articulation can be described having:

irregular articulatory breakdowns

In terms of prosody, Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (**Chorea**) it is said to be:

jerky, irregular AMR, unsteadiness of vowel prolongation

Which of the following speech characteristics for Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (**Dystonia**) are FALSE? ## Footnote A. Speech movements are relatively slow and sustained B. Slow adventitious movements of lips, tongue or jaw C. Confined to muscles for speech and swallowing and triggered only by the act of speaking D. None of these false all are true

D \*adventitious: means to happen by chance \*lips, tongue, or jaw portion: may be evident at rest, during sustained postures and voluntary movements

True or False There are three forms of Laryngeal Dystonia

False Two Forms Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: intermittent waxing and waning, or constant strained-harsh voice quality Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: Intermittent breathy or aphonic segments of speech

In Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Dystonia), the characteristics for resonance are:

hypernasality, usually with spasmodic dysphonia

The articulation characteristics in Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (**Dystonia**) are:

face, jaw and tongue dystonia are significantly impaired

True or False Dystonia (Hyperkinetic Dysarthria) affecting any of the speech subsystems can lead to abnormalities of prosody

True

Comparing the two types of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea and Dystonia) what are the most salient features that distinguish them?

**Chorea**: variable stress patterns \*affects prosody more than others **Dystonia**: articulatory inaccuracy and two forms of vocal quality (***adductor and abductor spasmodic***)