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CD 660 Structural Disorders > Hypo/Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Hypo/Hyper Kinetic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

Hypokinetic Dysarthria can manifest in any or all of the aspects of speech, but which three is it most prominent?

A. Voice, Articulation, and Prosody

B. Prosody, Respiration, and Phonatory

C. Articulation, Phonatory, and Respiration

D. Voice, Respiration, and Prosody

A

A - Voice, Articulation and Prosody

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2
Q

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is caused by any process that damages the ____

A

Basal Ganglia

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3
Q

True or False

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is unique due to its increased rate as a symptom

A

True

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4
Q

What are the three grey matter structures that make up the Basal Ganglia?

A

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

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5
Q

To function properly the Basal Ganglia depends on the balanced interaction of these two neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine (inhibitory)

Acetylcholine (excitatory)

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6
Q

Which of the following are functions of the Basal Ganglia?

A. Sequencing of movement

B. Regulating the force of muscular contraction

C. Movement Initiation

D. Adjusting movements to the environment

E. All of the above

A

E - All of the above

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7
Q

A problem with ____ _____ is what causes improper control of vocalization

A

Sensorimotor Integration

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8
Q

True or False

Damage to the Basal Ganglia tends to result in either reduced movement or excess involuntary movement

A

True

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9
Q

When there is a _____ of dopamine then you will get ____ movement

A

lack ; reduced

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10
Q

When there is _____ Dopamine then you will get ____ involuntary movement

A

excess ; excess

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11
Q

True or False

Hyperkinesia is due to a lack of dopamine

A

False

excess

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12
Q

True or False

Hypokinesia is due to a lack of dopamine

A

True

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13
Q

Reduced mobility, increased muscle tone, resistance to movement, and difficulty to initiate or stop movement are all attributes of:

A

Hypokinesia

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14
Q

Involuntary movements, excessive or unpredictable increases in muscle tone and movement are characteristics of:

A

Hyperkinesia

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15
Q

Which of the follwing are causes of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A. Degenerative diseases

B. Vascular

C. Stroke in frontal lobe white matter

D. Infections (e.g. encephalitis, HIV, AIDS)

E. All of the above

A

E - All of the above

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16
Q

Parkinson’s Diseased is due to:

A

reduction of dopamine in striatum

*causing too much production of acetylcholine; reducing the inhibitory function of the Basal Ganglia

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17
Q

Match the characteristics to their corresponding terminology:

A. Rigidity abnormal/extreme slow movement

B. Akinesia increased tone

C. Hypokinesia loss of movement

D. Bradykinesia fewer movements

A

Rigidity - increased tone

Akinesia - loss of movement

Hypokinesia - fewer movements

Bradykinesia - abnormal/extreme slow movement

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18
Q

What are some of the nonspeech characteristics present in Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A

tremor at rest

reduced range of motion during AMRs

masked or expressionless facial expression

19
Q

Match the speech characterstics found in Hypokinetic Dysarthria:

A. Respiration Imprecise consonants

B. Phonation Aphonia in connected speech

C. Resonance Reduced loudness/monoloudness

D. Articulation Mild Hypernasality

A

Respiration - reduced loudness/monoloudness

Phonation - hoarseness, breathiness, monopitch, lowered pitch

Resonance - mild hypernasality

Articulation - imprecise consonants, rapid/blurred AMRs, repeated phonemes at beginning of words

20
Q

The prosody of a person with Hypokinetic Dysarthria you are likely to see:

A

inappropriate silences, short rushes of speech, increased overall rate

21
Q

What is palilalia?

A

The repetition of utterances

22
Q

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria can manifest in any or all of the areas of speech: articulation, resonance, phonation, respiration, and prosody. Yet its most prominent effect happens in:

A

Prosody

23
Q

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria happens due to:

A

excessive activity in dopaminergic pathways

24
Q

Match the type of Dyskinesia based on description:

A. Chorea Abnormal posture due to excessive
co-contraction

B. Myoclonus Rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless
movements of a body part

C. Dystonia Involuntary single or repetitive jerks
rhythmic (sometimes arrythmic)

A

Chorea - rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless movements of a body part

Myoclonus - involuntary single or repetitive jerks
rhyhtmic (sometimes arrythmic)

Dystonia - abnormal posture due to excessive co-contraction

25
Q

Tics are:

A

rapid, stereotyped, patterned movement

26
Q

Slow, writhing, purposeless movements are descriptions for:

A

Athetosis

27
Q

Individuals with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria have tremors that affect all muscles of speech, but is frequently restricted to the:

A

larynx

28
Q

True or False

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria is caused by known etiologies

*Hint 89%

A

False

unknown etiologies

29
Q

True or False

The oral mech for a person with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria may appear normal, but may manifest through involuntary movements

A

True

30
Q

Dystonia and Chorea share similar nonspeech characteristics, but one trait makes them different

A

Chorea - prevalence of relatively fast involuntary movements

Dystonia - prevalence of relatively slow involuntary movements

31
Q

Some or all aspects of speech may be affected due to Hyperkinetic Dysarthria, but two traits are not as heavily impacted

A

Respiration and Resonance

32
Q

True or False

Nonrhythmic hyperkinesia is characterized by slurred, slow or halting speech

A

True

33
Q

Shaky voice, voice tightness and the sensation of the voice not wanting to come out are all attributes of:

A

Laryngeal Hyperkinesia

34
Q

True or False

The speech characteristic for Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea) are quick, unsustained, and unpredictable

A

True

*may occur in the jaw, face, tongue, palate, larynx or respiratory system

35
Q

Quick, involuntary adductor or abductor movements of the vocal cords can produce sudden voice arrests with intermittent strained quality or transient nasal emission are all characteristics of what aspect of speech affected by Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea)?

A

Phonation

36
Q

Individuals with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea), their articulation can be described having:

A

irregular articulatory breakdowns

37
Q

In terms of prosody, Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea) it is said to be:

A

jerky, irregular AMR, unsteadiness of vowel prolongation

38
Q

Which of the following speech characteristics for Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Dystonia) are FALSE?

A. Speech movements are relatively slow and sustained

B. Slow adventitious movements of lips, tongue or jaw

C. Confined to muscles for speech and swallowing and triggered only by the act of speaking

D. None of these false all are true

A

D

*adventitious: means to happen by chance

*lips, tongue, or jaw portion: may be evident at rest, during sustained postures and voluntary movements

39
Q

True or False

There are three forms of Laryngeal Dystonia

A

False

Two Forms

Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: intermittent waxing and waning, or constant strained-harsh voice quality

Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: Intermittent breathy or aphonic segments of speech

40
Q

In Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Dystonia), the characteristics for resonance are:

A

hypernasality, usually with spasmodic dysphonia

41
Q

The articulation characteristics in Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Dystonia) are:

A

face, jaw and tongue dystonia are significantly impaired

42
Q

True or False

Dystonia (Hyperkinetic Dysarthria) affecting any of the speech subsystems can lead to abnormalities of prosody

A

True

43
Q

Comparing the two types of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Chorea and Dystonia) what are the most salient features that distinguish them?

A

Chorea: variable stress patterns
*affects prosody more than others

Dystonia: articulatory inaccuracy and two forms of vocal quality (adductor and abductor spasmodic)

CD 660 Structural Disorders (6 decks)

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