Quiz 1 Review of Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Apraxia of speech is characterized by muscle weakness

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Bundles of axons as found in the CNS are often called:

Answer 2

tracts

Question 3

Higher cognitive activities, such as language, motor planning, problem solving, and sensory perception are performed in the:

Answer 3

Primary Motor Cortex

Question 4

How many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 4

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 5

It is believed that the ____ has an important role on refining slow/continuous movements whereas the ___ is important for rapid movements coordinating timing of the movements.

Answer 5

basal ganglia; cerebellum

Question 6

True or False

Lack of dopamine would cause damages to the basal ganglia with excessive excitation, resulting in muscle rigidity, gait disturbance and difficulty in initiating movement.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False

Represenation of the tongue is located in the superior portion of the primary motor cortex

Answer 7

False

Question 8

True or False

Spinal nerves are least important for speech production as spinal nerves provide motor innervation to muscles of limbs

Answer 8

False

Question 9

True or False

The brainstem is inferior to the Thalamus

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The central nervous systems consists of the brain and ____?

Answer 10

Spinal cord

Question 11

True or False

The cerebellum plays a role in motor programming

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The control circuits is responsible for integrating and controlling movement and do not have direct synapses with the motor neurons in the brain stem (i.e., lower motor neurons)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The controlled circuits in the basal ganglia and cerebellum link the association cortext with the:

Answer 13

Primary Motor Cortex

Question 14

True or False

The Mayo approach of classifying dysarthria was based on perceptual and acoustic methods via neuroimaging studies

Answer 14

False

Question 15

The Nervous system is divided into the:

Answer 15

CNS and PNS

Question 16

The primary motor cortex is located in:

Answer 16

Precentral Gyrus

Question 17

The spinal nerves play an important role in speech production because they provide motor innervations for the muscle of:

Answer 17

Respiration

Question 18

The primary components of neurons are:

Answer 18

Cell body, dendrites, and axons

Question 19

What are the most important cells of the nervous system?

Answer 19

Neurons

Question 20

What are the six pairs of cranial nerves of speech production?

Answer 20

Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI), and Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 21

What cranial nerve’s neurons are so closely integrated with those of the vagus nerve?

Answer 21

Accessory

Question 22

What do dendrites do?

Answer 22

They receive electrochemical impulses from other neurons or from sensory organs

Question 23

What is the most important function of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

coordinates voluntary movements, contracting muscles with correct force and at appropriate times

Question 24

What neural components are association with motor programming?

Answer 24

basal ganglia, cerebellum, premotor and motor association areas

Question 25

What structures are part of the control circuits?

Answer 25

Basal ganglia, thalamus, other subcortical structures, and cerebellum

Question 26

Which cranial nerve has three branches, each having a special importance for speech production?

Answer 26

Vagus (X)

Question 27

Which cranial nerve is crucial for pitch range?

Answer 27

CN X, Superior Laryngeal Branch

Question 28

Which cranial nerve originates in the brainstem at the medulla and courses out to the pharynx, where it innervates the stylopharyngeus and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, which assist in elevating and opening the upper pharynx?

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal

Question 29

Which lobe is the main executive center?

Answer 29

Frontal Lobe

Question 30

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex plays a major role in motor planning?

Answer 30

Frontal Lobe

Question 31

Which of the following statement is true?

A. All primary cortices are dedicated to the analysis of a signal type of input

B. It is believed that the initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortices

C. The primary motor cortex is responsible for analyzing sensory information

D. The primary motor cortex is an actual action commander

Answer 31

It is believed that the initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortices / The primary motor cortex is an actual action commander

Question 32

Which of the following structures make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 32

Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus

Question 33

Which structure is decribed as the doorway through the subcortical systems of the nervous system communicate with the cerebral cortex?

Answer 33

Thalamus

Question 34

Which structure plays an important role in the initial planning of voluntary movements?

Answer 34

Association Cortex

Question 35

With bilateral damage, what nerve can have serious effects on articulation, as the patient may not be able to sufficiently raise the jaw to produce most consonant and vowel phonemes, particularly those requiring bilabial, linguadental, and linguapalatal contact?

Answer 35

Trigeminal