Quiz 1 Review of Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Apraxia of speech is characterized by muscle weakness
False
Bundles of axons as found in the CNS are often called:
tracts
Higher cognitive activities, such as language, motor planning, problem solving, and sensory perception are performed in the:
Primary Motor Cortex
How many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there in the peripheral nervous system?
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
It is believed that the ____ has an important role on refining slow/continuous movements whereas the ___ is important for rapid movements coordinating timing of the movements.
basal ganglia; cerebellum
True or False
Lack of dopamine would cause damages to the basal ganglia with excessive excitation, resulting in muscle rigidity, gait disturbance and difficulty in initiating movement.
True
True or False
Represenation of the tongue is located in the superior portion of the primary motor cortex
False
True or False
Spinal nerves are least important for speech production as spinal nerves provide motor innervation to muscles of limbs
False
True or False
The brainstem is inferior to the Thalamus
True
The central nervous systems consists of the brain and ____?
Spinal cord
True or False
The cerebellum plays a role in motor programming
True
The control circuits is responsible for integrating and controlling movement and do not have direct synapses with the motor neurons in the brain stem (i.e., lower motor neurons)
True
The controlled circuits in the basal ganglia and cerebellum link the association cortext with the:
Primary Motor Cortex
True or False
The Mayo approach of classifying dysarthria was based on perceptual and acoustic methods via neuroimaging studies
False
The Nervous system is divided into the:
CNS and PNS
The primary motor cortex is located in:
Precentral Gyrus
The spinal nerves play an important role in speech production because they provide motor innervations for the muscle of:
Respiration
The primary components of neurons are:
Cell body, dendrites, and axons
What are the most important cells of the nervous system?
Neurons
What are the six pairs of cranial nerves of speech production?
Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI), and Hypoglossal (XII)
What cranial nerve’s neurons are so closely integrated with those of the vagus nerve?
Accessory
What do dendrites do?
They receive electrochemical impulses from other neurons or from sensory organs
What is the most important function of the cerebellum?
coordinates voluntary movements, contracting muscles with correct force and at appropriate times
What neural components are association with motor programming?
basal ganglia, cerebellum, premotor and motor association areas
What structures are part of the control circuits?
Basal ganglia, thalamus, other subcortical structures, and cerebellum
Which cranial nerve has three branches, each having a special importance for speech production?
Vagus (X)
Which cranial nerve is crucial for pitch range?
CN X, Superior Laryngeal Branch
Which cranial nerve originates in the brainstem at the medulla and courses out to the pharynx, where it innervates the stylopharyngeus and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles, which assist in elevating and opening the upper pharynx?
Glossopharyngeal
Which lobe is the main executive center?
Frontal Lobe
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex plays a major role in motor planning?
Frontal Lobe
Which of the following statement is true?
A. All primary cortices are dedicated to the analysis of a signal type of input
B. It is believed that the initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortices
C. The primary motor cortex is responsible for analyzing sensory information
D. The primary motor cortex is an actual action commander
It is believed that the initial planning of a voluntary movement is formulated primarily in the association cortices / The primary motor cortex is an actual action commander
Which of the following structures make up the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
Which structure is decribed as the doorway through the subcortical systems of the nervous system communicate with the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
Which structure plays an important role in the initial planning of voluntary movements?
Association Cortex
With bilateral damage, what nerve can have serious effects on articulation, as the patient may not be able to sufficiently raise the jaw to produce most consonant and vowel phonemes, particularly those requiring bilabial, linguadental, and linguapalatal contact?
Trigeminal
