Quiz 2. Exam 2. Stark's Stages

Question 1

What is stage 1 of Stark’s Pre-Linguistic Stages called?

Answer 1

Reflexive Crying and Vegetative Sounds

Question 2

What is the age range for Stark’s Stage 1, Reflexive Crying and Vegetative Sounds?

Answer 2

Birth - 2 mos

Question 3

List the characteristics of Stark’s Stage 1, Reflexive Crying and Vegetative Sounds (3).

Answer 3

1. Reflexive vocalizations include: crying, coughing, and burps that are automatic responses reflecting the baby’s physical state.
2. Vegetative sounds are divided into grunts.
3. Sighs associated with activity include clicks and other noises associated with feeding.

Question 4

What is stage 2 of Stark’s Pre-linguistic Stages called?

Answer 4

Cooing and Laughter

Question 5

What is the age range for Stark’s Stage 2, Cooing and Laughter?

Answer 5

2 - 4 mos

Question 6

List the characteristics of Stark’s Stage 2, Cooing and Laughter (4).

Answer 6

1. Cooing and gooing are produced during comfortable states.
2. Although vowel-like, the productions contain some consonantal elements (back of mouth/nasalized vowels).
3. Cyrign decreases and vegetative sounds start to disappear at 12 weeks.
4. At 16 weeks, sustained laughter

Question 7

What is stage 3 of Stark’s Pre-Linguistic stages called?

Answer 7

Vocal Play

Question 8

What is the age range for stage 3, Vocal Play, of Stark’s Pre-Linguistic stage?

Answer 8

4-6 mos

Question 9

List the characteristics of Stark’s stage 3, Vocal Play (4).

Answer 9

1. Distinguished by longer series of segments and the production of prolonged vowels and consonants.
2. Extreme variation in pitch and loudness.
3. Transitions are slower.
4. Vowels demonstrate more variation in tongue height and position.

Question 10

What is stage 4 of Stark’s Pre-Linguistic stages called?

Answer 10

Canonical Babbling

Question 11

What is the age range for stage 4, Canonical Babbling, of Stark’s Pre-Linguistic stages?

Answer 11

6 months +

Question 12

List the characteristics of Stark’s stage 4, Canonical Babbling (3).

Answer 12

1. Collective term for reducplicated and nonreduplicated babbling.
2. Babbling until the use of first words.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of reduplicated babbling in terms of Stark’s stage 4?

Answer 13

Reduplicated babbling:

1. Strings of similar consonant-vowel productions.
2. May be a nasal quality to vowels but consonants will stay the same from syllable to syllable.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of non-reduplicated babbling in terms of Stark’s stage 4?

Answer 14

Non-reduplicated babbling:
1. Demonstrates a variation of both consonants and vowels from syllable to syllable.

2. Transition is smooth between vowels and consonants.
3. Initially, babbling is self-stimulatory in nature, no communicative.
4. Toward the end of the stage, babbling may be used in ritual imitation games with adults.