Quiz #2 (DM) prep

Question 1

What are the ranges for a regular fasting (8 hrs) plasma glucose test?

Answer 1

normal = 125 mg/dl

Question 2

What are the ranges for a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance blood glucose test?

Answer 2

normal = 199 mg/dl

Question 3

What test reflects glucose levels from the past 15-20 days and how does it work?

Answer 3

glycosylated Hb (GHb) or A1C)
as RBC circulate -> Hb combines with some glucose in bloodstream = glycosylation, is irreversible

Question 4

What is the normal range for GHB test?

Question 5

Ketoacidosis may occur in type _ but is rare in type _ DM.

Answer 5

type 1; type 2

Question 6

What is ketoacidosis?

Answer 6

when sugar cannot get into cells the body will breakdown fat and muscle for energy, when this happens ketones (fatty acids) are produced and enter the blood stream causing a chemical imbalance called ketoacidosis (metabolic acidosis)

Question 7

Clinical manifestations of diabetes type 1 and 2?

Answer 7

polyuria - water not reabsorbed
polydispsia - dehydration causing thirst
recurrent blurred vision
weakness, fatigue, and dizziness

Question 8

Clinical manifestations specific to DM type 1?

Answer 8

polyphagia - excessive hunger
weight loss
ketonuria - ketones in urine

Question 9

Clinical manifestations specific to DM type 2?

Answer 9

often asymptomatic - physical adaptation often occurs because rise in blood glucose is gradual

Question 10

When is exercise contraindicated with DM patients?

Answer 10

if poor control of blood glucose levels
unevaluated or poorly controlled hypertension, neuropathy, nephropathy
dehydration
extreme environmental temps

Question 11

What is the role of the PT in DM screening?

Answer 11

periodic screening for neuropathy
educate in complications of neuropathy
assess for signs of neuropathic arthropathy
monitor glucose levels with exercise 
screen for neuromuscular disorders
monitor vital signs
periodic LE vascular examination
screen for depression
encourage pt to check A1C
remind pt to get eyes checked

Question 12

What are the levels of the ankle brachial index reading?

Answer 12

1. 0-1.3 = normal
2. 8-0.9 = mile peripheral arterial disease
3. 5-

Question 13

Why would a person with DM have less hair on their legs?

Answer 13

this can be due to decreased circulation