Quiz 2: Chapter 6

Question 1

Advocacy

Answer 1

Is an important concept in nursing that embodies an ethical focus grounded in quality of life. The American Public Health Association (APHA) represents a powerful voice for public health advocacy, focusing on finding ways to involve health care professionals in using policies related to protection of all Americans and their communities from preventable, serious health threats and helping to ensure access to health care and eliminating health disparities.

Question 2

Assessment

Answer 2

Refers to systematically collecting data on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information available about the health of the community”.

Question 3

Assurance

Answer 3

Refers to the role of public health in ensuring that essential community-oriented health services are available, which may include providing essential personal health services for those who would otherwise not receive them. Assur- ance also refers to making sure that a competent public health and personal health care workforce is available.

Question 4

Beneficence

Answer 4

Primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.

Question 5

Bioethics

Answer 5

Began to emerge because of advances in science and tech that affected health care. Today, most nursing programs integrate bioethical content into their courses or have separate courses on this topic. A branch of ethics that applies the knowledge and processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care.

Question 6

Code of Ethics

Answer 6

Nightingale Pledge is considered to be the first one. After the Nightingale Pledge, a “suggested” code and a “tenta- tive” code were published. moral standards that delineate a profession’s values, goals, and obligations.

Question 7

Communitarianism

Answer 7

Individual rights need to be balanced with social responsibilities; individuals do not live in isolation but are shaped by the values and culture of their communities. Among the theories with a communitarian focus are virtue ethics, caring and the ethic of care, and feminist ethics.

Question 8

Consequentialism

Answer 8

Approach to ethical decision making. Decision is based on consequences or outcomes. It maintains that the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of good or the least amount of harm in a given situation.

Question 9

Deontology

Answer 9

May conclude that the action is right or wrong in itself, regardless of the amount of good that might come from it. based on the premise that persons should always be treated as ends in themselves and never as mere means to the ends of others. Deontological theory is often called non-consequentialist.

Question 10

Distributive Justice

Answer 10

Or social justice, refers to the allocation of bene ts and burdens to members of society. Benefits refer to basic needs. primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.

Question 11

Ethics

Answer 11

Is concerned with a body of knowledge that addresses questions such as the following: How should I behave? What actions should I perform? What kind of person should I be? What are my obligations to myself and to fellow humans.

Question 12

Ethical Decision Making

Answer 12

Is that component of ethics that focuses on the process of how ethical decisions are made. The process is the thinking that occurs when health care professionals must make decisions about ethical issues and ethical dilemmas.

Question 13

Ethical Dilemmas

Answer 13

Human dilemmas and puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action.

Question 14

Ethical Issues

Answer 14

Moral challenges facing a person or profession.

Question 15

Feminine Ethic

Answer 15

Both gilligan and noddings have this in common b/c they believe in the morality of responsibility in relationships that emphasize connection and caring. Care is a moral imperative.

Question 16

Feminist Ethics

Answer 16

Encompasses the tenets that women’s thinking and moral experiences are important and should be taken into account in any fully developed moral theory, and that the oppression of women is morally wrong.

Question 17

Feminists

Answer 17

Women and men who hold a worldview advocating economic, social, and political equality for women that is equivalent to that of men. Consequently, feminists reject the devaluing of women and their experiences through systematic oppression based on gender.

Question 18

Moral Distress

Answer 18

Occurs when a person is unable to act in a way that he or she thinks is right. Important to consider when making nursing decisions.

Question 19

Morality

Answer 19

Gilligan (1982) speaks of a personal journey wherein, by listening and talking to people, she began to notice two distinct voices (male and female) about morality and two ways of describing the interpersonal relationships between self and others.

Question 20

Nonmaleficence

Answer 20

Primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.

Question 21

Respect for autonomy

Answer 21

Primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.

Question 22

Policy Development

Answer 22

Refers to the need to provide leadership in developing policies that support the health of the population, including the use of the scienti c knowledge base in making decisions about policy.

Question 23

Principlism

Answer 23

Approach that principles are used as general guidelines for the formulation of more specific rules.

Question 24

Utilitarianism

Answer 24

Well-known consequentialist theory that appeals exclusively to outcomes or consequences in determining which choice to make.

Question 25

Virtue Ethics

Answer 25

One of oldest ethical theories (ancient greeks-plato/aristotle). is not concerned with actions, as utilitarianism and deontology are but instead asks: what kind of person should I be? Goal is to enable person to flourish as human beings.

Question 26

Virtus

Answer 26

According to aristotle, they are acquired, excellent traits of character that dispose humans to act in accord with their natural good.