Quiz 2: Chapter 6 Flashcards
Advocacy
Is an important concept in nursing that embodies an ethical focus grounded in quality of life. The American Public Health Association (APHA) represents a powerful voice for public health advocacy, focusing on finding ways to involve health care professionals in using policies related to protection of all Americans and their communities from preventable, serious health threats and helping to ensure access to health care and eliminating health disparities.
Assessment
Refers to systematically collecting data on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information available about the health of the community”.
Assurance
Refers to the role of public health in ensuring that essential community-oriented health services are available, which may include providing essential personal health services for those who would otherwise not receive them. Assur- ance also refers to making sure that a competent public health and personal health care workforce is available.
Beneficence
Primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.
Bioethics
Began to emerge because of advances in science and tech that affected health care. Today, most nursing programs integrate bioethical content into their courses or have separate courses on this topic. A branch of ethics that applies the knowledge and processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care.
Code of Ethics
Nightingale Pledge is considered to be the first one. After the Nightingale Pledge, a “suggested” code and a “tenta- tive” code were published. moral standards that delineate a profession’s values, goals, and obligations.
Communitarianism
Individual rights need to be balanced with social responsibilities; individuals do not live in isolation but are shaped by the values and culture of their communities. Among the theories with a communitarian focus are virtue ethics, caring and the ethic of care, and feminist ethics.
Consequentialism
Approach to ethical decision making. Decision is based on consequences or outcomes. It maintains that the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of good or the least amount of harm in a given situation.
Deontology
May conclude that the action is right or wrong in itself, regardless of the amount of good that might come from it. based on the premise that persons should always be treated as ends in themselves and never as mere means to the ends of others. Deontological theory is often called non-consequentialist.
Distributive Justice
Or social justice, refers to the allocation of bene ts and burdens to members of society. Benefits refer to basic needs. primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.
Ethics
Is concerned with a body of knowledge that addresses questions such as the following: How should I behave? What actions should I perform? What kind of person should I be? What are my obligations to myself and to fellow humans.
Ethical Decision Making
Is that component of ethics that focuses on the process of how ethical decisions are made. The process is the thinking that occurs when health care professionals must make decisions about ethical issues and ethical dilemmas.
Ethical Dilemmas
Human dilemmas and puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action.
Ethical Issues
Moral challenges facing a person or profession.
Feminine Ethic
Both gilligan and noddings have this in common b/c they believe in the morality of responsibility in relationships that emphasize connection and caring. Care is a moral imperative.
Feminist Ethics
Encompasses the tenets that women’s thinking and moral experiences are important and should be taken into account in any fully developed moral theory, and that the oppression of women is morally wrong.
Feminists
Women and men who hold a worldview advocating economic, social, and political equality for women that is equivalent to that of men. Consequently, feminists reject the devaluing of women and their experiences through systematic oppression based on gender.
Moral Distress
Occurs when a person is unable to act in a way that he or she thinks is right. Important to consider when making nursing decisions.
Morality
Gilligan (1982) speaks of a personal journey wherein, by listening and talking to people, she began to notice two distinct voices (male and female) about morality and two ways of describing the interpersonal relationships between self and others.
Nonmaleficence
Primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.
Respect for autonomy
Primary principle used as guideline for formulation of more specific rules. Regulates health care obligations.
Policy Development
Refers to the need to provide leadership in developing policies that support the health of the population, including the use of the scienti c knowledge base in making decisions about policy.
Principlism
Approach that principles are used as general guidelines for the formulation of more specific rules.
Utilitarianism
Well-known consequentialist theory that appeals exclusively to outcomes or consequences in determining which choice to make.
Virtue Ethics
One of oldest ethical theories (ancient greeks-plato/aristotle). is not concerned with actions, as utilitarianism and deontology are but instead asks: what kind of person should I be? Goal is to enable person to flourish as human beings.
Virtus
According to aristotle, they are acquired, excellent traits of character that dispose humans to act in accord with their natural good.
