Chapter 2 Flashcards
American Nurses Association
national nursing organization. The ANA states nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
American Public Health Association
In 1911 a joint committee of existing nurse organizations con- vened to standardize nursing services outside the hospital. Under the leadership of Lillian Wald and Mary Gardner, the committee recommended forming a new organization to address public health nursing concerns. The NOPHN membership included both nurses and their non-nurse supporters. The NOPHN sought “to improve the educational and services stan- dards of the public health nurse, and promote public under- standing of and respect for her work”. The NOPHN also sought to standardize public health nursing education. The National Organization for Public Health Nursing (founded in 1912) provided essential leadership and coordi- nation of diverse public health nursing efforts; the organiza- tion merged into the National League for Nursing in 1952.
American Red Cross
Worked with Lillian Wald to sponsor rural health nursing services across the country, which stimulated local governments to sponsor public health nursing through county health departments
district nursing
managing care within the community and lead teams of community nurses and support workers.[1] The role requires registered nurses to take a NMC approved specialist practitioner course. Duties generally include visiting house-bound patients and providing advice and care such as palliative care, wound management, catheter and continence care and medication support. Their work involves both follow-up care for recently discharged hospital inpatients and longer term care for chronically ill patients who may be referred by many other services, as well as working collaboratively with general practitioners in preventing unnecessary or avoidable hospital admissions.
district nursing association
Florence Nightingale designed and implemented the first program of trained nursing, and her contemporary, William Rathbone, founded the first district nursing association in England.
Florence Nightingale
The origins of professional nursing are founded by her in the 19th century. Florence Nightingale’s vision for trained nurses and her model of nursing education influenced the development of pro- fessional nursing and, indirectly, public health nursing in the United States
Frontier Nursing Service
the FNS influenced the devel- opment of public health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural and often inaccessible populations in the Appalachian region of southeastern Kentucky. . Today the FNS continues to provide comprehensive health and nursing services to the people of that area and sponsors Frontier Nursing Univer- sity, which provides advanced practice nursing education for midwifery and other specialties.
Lillian Wald
Lillian Wald emerged as the key leader of public health nursing during its early decades. Wald took steps to increase access to public health nursing services nationally through insightful innovations: She persuaded the American Red Cross to sponsor rural health nursing services across the country, which stimulated local governments to sponsor public health nursing through county health departments. Beginning in 1909, Wald worked with Dr. Lee Frankel of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (MetLife) to implement the first insurance payment for nursing services. She argued that keeping working people and their families healthier would increase their produc- tivity. Wald became actively involved in using epidemiological methods to campaign for health-promoting social policies. She advocated for creation of the U.S. Children’s Bureau as a basis for improv- ing the health and education of children nationally. She fought for better tenement living conditions in New York City, city recreation centers, parks, pure food laws, graded classes for mentally handicapped children, and assistance to immigrants. She firmly believed in women’s suffrage and considered its acceptance in 1917 in New York State to be a great victory. Wald supported efforts to improve race relations and championed solutions to racial injustice. She wrote The House on Henry Street (Wald, 1915) and Windows on Henry Street (Wald, 1934) to describe this public health nursing work.
National Organization for Public Health Nursing,
The NOPHN membership included both nurses and their non-nurse supporters. The NOPHN sought “to improve the educational and services stan- dards of the public health nurse, and promote public under- standing of and respect for her work”. With greater administrative resources than other contemporary national nursing organizations, the NOPHN was soon the dom- inant force in public health nursing.
The NOPHN also sought to standardize public health nursing education.
National League for Nursing
national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education. It offers faculty development, networking opportunities, testing services, nursing research grants, and public policy initiatives to more than 40,000 individual and 1,200 education and associate members. It’s mission is to promote excellence in nursing education to build a strong and diverse nursing workforce to advance the health of our nation and the global community.
settlement houses
neighborhood centers that became hubs for health care, education, and social welfare programs
Sheppard-Towner Act
AKA: Problems of maternal and child morbidity and mortality spurred the passage of the Maternity and Infancy Act. This act provided federal matching funds to establish maternal and child health divisions in state health departments. Education during home visits by public health nurses stressed promoting the health of mother and child as well as seeking prompt medical care during pregnancy. Although credited with saving many lives, the Sheppard-Towner Program ended in 1929 in response to charges by the AMA and others that the legislation gave too much power to the federal government and too closely resem- bled socialized medicine
Social Security Act of 1935
designed to prevent reoccurrence of the problems of the Depression. Title VI of this act provided funding for expanded opportunities for health protection and promotion through education and employment of public health nurses.
visiting nurse
Visiting nurses worked with physicians, gave selected treatments, and kept tem- perature and pulse records. Visiting nurses emphasized educa- tion of family members in the care of the sick and in personal and environmental prevention measures, such as hygiene and good nutrition
Town and Country Nursing Service
The American Red Cross, through its Rural Nursing Service (later the Town and Country Nursing Service), provided a framework to initiate home nursing care in areas outside larger cities. Wald secured initial donations to support this agency, which provided care of the sick and instruction in sanitation and hygiene in rural homes. The agency also improved living conditions in villages and isolated farms. The Town and Country nurse dealt with diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and typhoid fever with a resourcefulness born of necessity
