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QUIZ 2 > quiz 2 cards > Flashcards

quiz 2 cards Flashcards

1
Q

major constituent of CT

A

ECM

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2
Q

ECM

A

protein fibers (collagen or elastic) and ground substance (glycans)

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3
Q

in ALL connective tissue, ECM _

A

is more abundant than cells

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4
Q

macrophages

A

breakdown of ECM

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5
Q

mast cells in loose CT

A

often near small blood vessels

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6
Q

fibrillar collagens

A

type I, II, and III

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7
Q

type I collagen fibers

A

synthesized by fibroblasts and osteoblasts; in tendons, organ capsules, dermis, bone

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8
Q

type IV collagen

A

synthesized by epithelial cells; used for filtration, found in basal laminae

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9
Q

type II collagen

A

synthesized by chondroblasts; found in cartilage

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10
Q

type III collagen

A

reticular collagen synthesized by fibroblasts; used in liver, bone marrow, lymphoid organs

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11
Q

collagen formation

A

RER makes procollagen-alpha chains –> form triple helix –> cleaved to procollagen –> cleaved to tropocollagen –> formation into fibrils –> fibers

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12
Q

elastic fibers

A

in arteries and stroma of lungs

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13
Q

reticular fibers

A

type III collagen

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14
Q

where does exchange in CT take place?

A

ground substance

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15
Q

loose CT

A

little collagen (type III), many cells & GS; supports microvasculature, nerves, and immune cells

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16
Q

dense irregular CT

A

lots of collagen (type I), few cells & GS; protects and supports organs

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17
Q

dense regular CT

A

mostly collagen (type I); provides connection with musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses)

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18
Q

carcinomas

A

epithelial origin

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19
Q

sarcomas

A

mesenchymal origin

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20
Q

scurvy

A

lack of vitamin C prevents hydroxylation of proline or lysine, preventing collagen formation

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21
Q

scurvy symptoms

A

mouth sores, bruising, rashes, fatigue

22
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

defective fibrillin synthesis, causing proteoglycans to replace elastic lamellae

23
Q

Marfan syndrome symptoms

A

long body and limbs, aortic dissection is common

24
Q

nonpolar amino acids

A

methionine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline

25
Q

acidic amino acids

A

aspartate and glutamate

26
Q

aspartate

A

Asp, D

27
Q

glutamate

A

Glu, E

28
Q

basic amino acids

A

lysine and arginine

29
Q

polar amino acids

A

serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, histidine

30
Q

asparagine

A

Asn, N

31
Q

glutamine

A

Gln, Q

32
Q

aromatic amino acids

A

phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine

33
Q

pH > pKa

A

deprotonated

34
Q

pH < pKa

A

protonated

35
Q

basic amino acid in hydrophobic region

A

will disrupt nonpolar environment –> will lose a proton to be neutral –> harder to add back proton –> pKa decreases

36
Q

acidic amino acid in hydrophobic

A

will disrupt nonpolar environment –> gain proton to be neutral –> will be harder to remove that proton –> pKa increases

37
Q

essential amino acids

A

threonine, phenylalanine, lysine, valine, arginine (infants), tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine, leucine

38
Q

essential AA mnemonic

A

The French Man Keeps Very (Red) Wine In His Library

39
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

protein deficiency

40
Q

Kwashiorkor symptoms

A

malnutrition, edema, anemia, skin lesions, liver problems

41
Q

Kwashiorkor vs. Marasmus

A

Marasmus is just calorie deficiency; you can be protein deficient without being calorie deficient and get Kwashiorkor; also, Marasmus has no edema just muscle wasting

42
Q

carboxyl group pKa

A

around 2

43
Q

amino group pKa

A

around 9

44
Q

severe protein malnutrition

A

leads to hypoalbuminemia –>low serum albumin reduces capillary oncotic pressure, allowing fluid to leak into tissues –> edema

45
Q

adjacent beta-sheets interact through

A

hydrogen bonds between the backbone amine and carbonyl groups

46
Q

when two alpha helices stack together, interactions are stabilized by _

A

side chains of amino acids

47
Q

why does proline break alpha helices?

A

doesn’t have a backbone NH –> proline can not form a hydrogen bond with the n-4 residue in the alpha helix

48
Q

two classes of tertiary structure

A

fibrous or globular

49
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

collagen defects

50
Q

Ehlers-Danlos symtpoms

A

stretchy skin, loose joints, joint pain, weird scar formation

51
Q

pH < pI

A

net positive

52
Q

pH > pI

A

negative charge

QUIZ 2 (10 decks)

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