Connective Tissue

Question 1

connective tissue functions

Answer 1

support and framework, medium of exchange, defense, protection, storage

Question 2

connective tissue components

Answer 2

extracellular matrix and cells

Question 3

extracellular matrix

Answer 3

ground substance (glycans) and fibers (collagen or elastic)

Question 4

connective tissue is derived from _

Answer 4

mesoderm

Question 5

connective tissue proper

Answer 5

located in stroma and capsules of organs, dermis of skin, tendons and ligaments, surrounding blood vessels, fascia

Question 6

collagen

Answer 6

provides tensile strength, most abundant protein of ECM

Question 7

elastic fibers

Answer 7

provide stretch and recoil

Question 8

type I collagen

Answer 8

most abundant; in tendons, ligaments, dermis, bone

Question 9

type I collagen provides _

Answer 9

tensile strength and stiffness

Question 10

type I collagen is synthesized by

Answer 10

fibroblasts and osteoblasts

Question 11

type II collagen

Answer 11

found in hyaline cartilage for structure and strength; made by chondroblasts

Question 12

type III collagen (reticular fibers)

Answer 12

found in the liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue

Question 13

type III collagen is synthesized by _

Answer 13

fibroblasts

Question 14

type III collagen provides _

Answer 14

an architectural framework in organs

Question 15

type IV collagens

Answer 15

synthesized by epithelial cells to make basal lamina

Question 16

type IV collagen function

Answer 16

support of delicate structures

Question 17

collagen formation

Answer 17

procollagen is produced intracellularly –> forms a helix of 3 –> extracellularly cleaved to tropcollagen –> fibrils –> fibers

Question 18

scruvy

Answer 18

lack of vitamin C will cause defect in collagen synthesis; vitamin C is ruined if boiled

Question 19

keloid

Answer 19

collagen fiber tumors at sites of injury

Question 20

elastic fibers

Answer 20

found in skin, lung, blood vessels, and elastic cartilage

Question 21

Marfan syndrome

Answer 21

defects in fibrillin synthesis causes elastic laminae to be replaced with proteoglycans, weakening aorta

Question 22

fibrillin

Answer 22

incorporate around elastin

Question 23

fixed (resident) cells

Answer 23

fibroblasts, adipocytes, pericytes, mast cells (bone marrow derived)

Question 24

fibroblasts

Answer 24

most common cell type of CT proper; produce procollagen and other component of ECM

Question 25

adipocytes

Answer 25

lipid storage

Question 26

adult obesity

Answer 26

hypertrophic, cells frown in size

Question 27

childhood obesity

Answer 27

hypercellular; cells grow in number

Question 28

pericytes

Answer 28

pluripotent CT cells that wrap around capillaries and can differentiate into smooth muscle or endothelial cells for blood vessel repair

Question 29

mast cells

Answer 29

mediate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 30

transient cells

Answer 30

macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes

Question 31

eosinophils

Answer 31

parasites

Question 32

neutrophils

Answer 32

phagocytic with granules

Question 33

basophils

Answer 33

similar to mast cells but can circulate in blood

Question 34

lymphocytes

Answer 34

move freely between blood and CT; initiate immune response

Question 35

dense regular CR

Answer 35

lots of collagen fibers, few cells or ground substance; in bone ligament and tendons

Question 36

dense irregular CT

Answer 36

organ capsules, dermis of skin

Question 37

loose CT

Answer 37

more cells and ground substance than fibers

Question 38

reticular tissue

Answer 38

type III collagen; forms lattice network in liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs

Question 39

carcinomas

Answer 39

epithelial origin

Question 40

sarcomas

Answer 40

mesenchymal origin