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QUIZ 2 > Lipid Structure > Flashcards

Lipid Structure Flashcards

1
Q

lipids

A

insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents

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2
Q

simple lipids

A

fats and waxes

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3
Q

fats

A

esters of fatty acids with glycerol (oils are liquid fats)

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4
Q

waxes

A

esters of fatty acids with alcohols

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5
Q

complex lipids

A

phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins

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6
Q

phospholipids

A

glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids

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7
Q

glycolipids

A

glycosphingolipids

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8
Q

precursor and derived lipids

A

fatty acids, steroids, bile acids, ketone bodies

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9
Q

fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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10
Q

lipid function

A

fuel for energy and storage, membrane structure, detergents, signaling molecules, vitamins

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11
Q

energy/storage lipids

A

fatty acids and triglycerides

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12
Q

membrane lipids

A

glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

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13
Q

detergents

A

bile acids

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14
Q

signaling molecules

A

steroid hormones and prostoglandins

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15
Q

fatty acids structure

A

unbranched, nonaromatic, carboxylic acids (amphipathic)

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16
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

no double bonds

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17
Q

mono-unsaturated fatty acid

A

1 double bond; position of double bond from carbonyl end

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18
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

classified according to first double bond starting at the last carbon (omega-3)

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19
Q

amphipathic

A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

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20
Q

solubility of fatty acids

A

short chains (<8 C’s) are soluble in water

21
Q

melting temp of fatty acids

A

melting temp increases with chain length but decreases with double bonds

22
Q

triglyceride

A

glycerol + 3 fatty acid tails; major lipid for energy storage

23
Q
A

glycerophospholipids

24
Q
A

sphingolipids

25
Q
A

glycolipid

26
Q

glycerophospholipid structure

A

saturated FA at C-1 and unsaturated at C-2

27
Q

3 major classes of sphingolipids

A

sphingomyelins, gangliosides, and glycosphingolipids

28
Q

spingomyelin

A

covers axons in nerves

29
Q

glycosphingolipids

A

important in brain cerebrosides (head group=glucose or galactose)

30
Q

gangliosides

A

head group=oligosaccharides; cell-cell signaling

31
Q

sphingolipidoses

A

lysosomal storage disease –> patients with defective enzymes accumulate sphingolipid intermediates

32
Q

sphingolipidosis diseases

A

Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, Gaucher’s, Fabry’s

33
Q

Tay-Sach’s

A

mental retardation, red dots in eyes, blindness, death by 3

34
Q

Gaucher’s disease

A

liver and spleen enlargement, erosion of long bones, mental retardation (most common)

35
Q

Gaucher’s onset

A

mutation in glucocerebrosidase; can develop throughout life depending on enzyme function

36
Q

cholesterol

A

decreases fluidity at high temps and increases at low temps

37
Q

spur anemia

A

erythrocyte membranes contain unusual spurs (occurs with severe liver disease)

38
Q

how does spur anemia develop?

A

increased cholesterol will leak out of liver –> makes way to bone marrow –> gets in erythrocytes and causes spur shape

39
Q

bile acids

A

made in liver but secreted to gallbladder; amphipathic; emulsifying agents

40
Q

hypercholesterolemia treatment (high cholesterol)

A

prevention of bile salt uptake by intestinal epithelium

41
Q

cholesterol signaling molecules

A

steroid hormones

42
Q

fatty acid signaling molecules

A

prostoglandins

43
Q

prostoglandins

A

can help with pain and inflammation

44
Q

prostoglandins

A

can help with pain and inflammation

45
Q

vitamin A

A

vision, reproduction, bone growth, and epithelial differentiation

46
Q

vitamin D

A

regulates plasma calcium levels, roles in diabetes, immune system, cardiovascular health

47
Q

vitamin E

A

anti-oxidant

48
Q

vitamin K

A

co-enzyme in post-translational modification of blood clotting factors

49
Q

exacerbation of vitamin deficiencies

A

excessive intake of oils, bile duct obstruction, inflammatory bowel diseases

QUIZ 2 (10 decks)

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