Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASTE 3440 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells in the body

A

body contains between 10-40 trillion cells, 100 trillion in your gut, a quadrillion viruses living on body, body loses around 50 million cells everyday

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the DNA located?

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nucleus

A

contains the instructions for the function of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

central dogma of DNA

A

DNA (the boss) –> RNA (the messenger) –> Protein (gets it done)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chromosome

A

DNA wrapped around proteins and compacted into structures called chromosomes
humans have 2 sets of 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Steps to create protein

A

nucleus, DNA, RNA, copies put into cytoplasm, ribosomes catch RNA copies, ribosomes create protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phenotype

A

any traits that we can see, hear, smell, taste, touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

genotype

A

specific sequences read along the strand of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is DNA made of?

A

letters (A, G, T, C), letters make words, words make sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

protein

A

enable a cell to perform special functions, such as working with other groups of cells to make hearing possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heterosis and hybrid vigor (mut phenomenon)

A

organisms that have a frequent “shuffling” of fresh genetic material can find advantages due to increased immunity, better growth rates, higher birth rates, and are less likely to suffer genetic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

one gene does not equal one trait (T/F)

A

True, many genes work together to specify a trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

four key elements common to almost all genetic engineering procedures

A

identify the gene, connect it with a promoter sequence to tell the gene when to work, mark the cells that contain the new gene, deliver the DNA to the new organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bacteria and viruses used to insert in embryotic stage

A

E.coli Bacteria - R-DNA or recombinant DNA

Viral Vector, common virus: cold sore, herpes simplex 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

genetically modified bacteria or r-DNA tech

A

E.coli used to produce ‘human insulin’, Bt corn or round up ready corn, chymosin (cheddar cheese), golden rice, blood clotting factor VIII, Hepatitis B vaccinations, HIV diagnosis, hGh, essential for normal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gene therapy

A

using DNA that encodes a functional, therapeutic gene to replace a mutated gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

modern biotechnology

A

key developments: transgenesis vs. cisgenesis, DNA profiling, DNA cloning, Genome analysis, stem cell and tissue engineering, xenotransplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transgenesis

A

manipulating the DNA code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cisgenesis

A

can only work within organism/species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

xenotransplantation

A

can we alter an animal to trick a patient’s immune system into accepting it as a part of the body?

21
Q

risk assessment equation

A

threat/hazard + assets at risk + vulnerabilities = outcomes

these help to determine actual risk

22
Q

threat/hazard example

A

fire hazard

23
Q

asset at risk example

A

consumer/animals, adult/child, other non-GMO farms, environment (big and small)

24
Q

vulnerabilities example

A

allow us to look at whether there is a greater threat of one asset over another asset

25
Q

sustainability ven diagram

A

big three: social, environment, economic

sub categories: bearable (social and environment), equitable (social and economic), viable (environment and economic)

26
Q

risk perception

A

prone to change based on the type of risk, not actual probabilities, a social phenomenon, more information won’t make people more rational, we don’t like statistics

27
Q

metaanalysis

A

research paper that combines other research papers

28
Q

sustainable development

A

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

29
Q

high tech development

A

GMOs

30
Q

low tech development

A

Insect based diets

31
Q

benefits of insect based diets

A

easy to farm and breed, use limited resources, readily available

32
Q

limitations to insect based diets

A

societal, no one wants to eat insects

33
Q

mitosis

A

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

34
Q

meiosis

A

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

35
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

36
Q

telomere

A

compound structure at the end of a chromosome

37
Q

zygote

A

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes, a fertilized ovum

38
Q

mutation

A

the changing of the structure of a gene

39
Q

Norman E. Borlaug

A

contributed to extensive increase in agricultural production called the green revolution, credited with saving over a billion people worldwide from starvation

40
Q

five f’s of agriculture

A

farm, food, fabric, flowers, forestry

41
Q

implicit bias

A

unconscious, understanding, actions, and decisions

42
Q

seven cognitive (learned) biases

A

confirmation, ingroup, gambler’s fallacy, neglecting probability, status-quo, negativity, projection

43
Q

confirmation bias

A

we love to agree with people who agree with us

44
Q

ingroup bias

A

overestimate the abilities and values of our immediate group

45
Q

gambler’s fallacy

A

put a tremendous amount of weight on previous events, believing it will influence future outcomes

46
Q

neglecting probability

A

real vs. perceived statistical risk

47
Q

status-quo bias

A

fear of change, fuels conservative tendencies and routines

48
Q

negativity bias

A

negative information is more important

49
Q

projection bias

A

overestimate how typical and normal we are, we assume that consensus exists when there may be none

ASTE 3440 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions