Quiz 2 Flashcards
The class of lipids forming a major part of cell membranes is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. steroids nucleic acids polysaccharides triglycerides phospholipids
phospholipids
A long chain of simple sugars would be a(n) protein nucleic acid polysaccharide monosaccharide
polysaccharide
RNA plays a role in which of the following?
Transferring hereditary information from cell to cell when cells divide
Copying instructions from DNA
Transferring hereditary information from cell to cell when cells divide
Synthesizing proteins and copying instructions from DNA
Synthesizing lipids
Synthesizing proteins and copying instructions from DNA
Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called __________ bound to three __________.
glycerol; fatty acids
The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as __________.
catabolic and exergonic
Choose the correct statement regarding mixtures and compounds.
Most mixtures in our bodies consist of compounds dissolved or suspended in water.
In a mixture, each substance takes on new chemical properties.
A compound has properties much different from the properties of its elements.
All mixtures are also compounds.
A compound has properties much different from the properties of its elements.
When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water __________.
Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken
Na+ and Cl- form ionic bonds with each other
Na+ and Cl- form hydrogen bonds with water
Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken
Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions.
True
False
True
AB → A + B
Catabolic reaction
A + B → AB
Anabolic reaction
AB+CD → AC + BD
Exchange reaction
Glucose + galactose => lactose is an example of _______.
an anabolic reaction
Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction.
Reaction rates increase when the reactants are more concentrated.
Reaction rates increase when the products are more concentrated.
Reaction rates increase as the temperature rises.
Reaction rates decrease when catalysts are present.
Reaction rates increase when the reactants are more concentrated.
Reaction rates increase as the temperature rises.
ATP + glucose => glucose-6-phosphate + ADP is an example of _________.
an exchange reaction
Anabolism consists of energy-releasing reactions, such as the production of protein or fat.
True
False
False
Catabolism consists of energy-releasing decomposition reactions.
True
False
True
The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as __________.
catabolic and exergonic
A typical exchange reaction would look like:
A + B <=> AB
AB -> A + B
AB + CD -> AD + CB
AB + CD -> AD + CB
An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. terminal amino acid alpha chain active site secondary structure receptor
active site
The class of organic compounds that are the primary source of energy for the body is
carbohydrates
The most important high energy compound in cells is
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
A(n) __________ is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule.
functional group
An example of a polysaccharide Glucose Glycogen Lactose Prostoglandins Lactic acid
Glycogen
A molecule composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol is a _________.
phospholipid
A buffer usually consists of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. salt electrolyte weak acid strong base strong acid
weak acid
When dissolved in water, compounds that always dissociate into H+ ions and one or more anions are ______.
acids
A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined.
True
False
True
All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon.
True
False
True
Identify the true statements regarding DNA.
It is copied into RNA that is then passed on to future generations.
It gives instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins.
It constitutes our genes.
It assembles amino acids in the right order to produce each protein.
It gives instructions for synthesizing all of the body’s proteins.
It constitutes our genes.
It assembles amino acids in the right order to produce each protein.
Specify whether each of the items listed is hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Ions Carbohydrates Glucose Phosphate
All Hydrophilic
Phospholipids Lipids Triglycerides Cholesterol Steroids Prostaglandins
All Hydrophobic
