Chapter 1 Flashcards
must drive a physiological parameter beyond its normal range (that is, beyond homeostasis)
Stimulus
component of a feedback system that monitors a physiological value. This value is reported to the control center.
Receptor (sensor)
carries message from stimulus to the control center/integrating center
Afferent pathway
the component in a feedback system that compares the value to the normal range. If the value deviates too much from the set point, this activates an effector.
Control center
is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates
Set point
carries instructions from control center/integrating center to the effector organ
Efferent pathway
the component in a feedback system that causes a change to reverse the situation and return the value to the normal range.
Effector
monitor internal and external environment; a variation outside the desired range triggers a response that corrects the situation
Feedback loop
the restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable
Normal range
an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types. Each one performs one or more specific physiological functions
Organ
a group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body.
Organ system
the highest level of organization; a living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life; all cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body work together to maintain the life and health of this
Organism
A human cell typically consists of flexible membranes that enclose cytoplasm, a water-based cellular fluid together with a variety of tiny functioning units called
Organelle
the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism
Cell
a group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function.
Tissue
