Quiz 2 Flashcards
What public health problem was the three- point seat belt responding to?
US Motor-vehicle death rates
Where was the three point seat belt implemented?
invented in Sweden, implemented by US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the 3 point seat belt program possible?
Studying the crash reduction effect of the three-point seat belt was between 40-90%
And mandate requiring seat belts in all new cars
Why is the three point seat belt considered a public health success?
success in reducing vehicle crash death rates - between 40-90%
How does the three point seat belt relate to the socioecological model
individual behavior of wearing seatbelts
Organizational policies of the car manufacturers adopting seatbelts
Policy - mandating seatbelt use
How does the three point seat belt relate to Health Behavior Change
Perceived risk of injury when you don’t wear a seat belt and risk of legal enforcement - ACTION
What public health problem was Finnish Translational Program (Type 2 diabetes Prevention) responding to?
Type 2 diabetes
Where was Finnish Translational Program (Type 2 diabetes Prevention) implemented?
Finland
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the Finnish Translational Program (Type 2 diabetes Prevention) possible?
Lifestyle adjustments after pre-diabetes diagnosis led to 58% reduction in type 2 diabetes (Randomized control trial)
Translating prevention to community interventions (Ex. HELP PD Project - healthy living partnerships to prevent diabetes)
Why would the Finnish Translational Program (Type 2 diabetes Prevention) be considered a public health success?
Turned research into accessible community interventions - reducing type 2 diabetes rates - 58% reduction
How does Finnish Translational Program (Type 2 diabetes Prevention) relate to Socio Ecological Model
Individual behavior - lifestyle adjustments, community engagement - health workers and group sessions, Institutional support - partnership to churches and health facilities
How does Finnish Translational Program (Type 2 diabetes Prevention) relate to Health Behavior Change
Maintenance stage - individuals need to make lifestyle changes, but it’s also based on community interventions that would need to maintain
What public health problem was the polio eradication program responding to?
Global polio epidemic
where was the Polio Eradication program implemented?
Worldwide
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the polio eradication program possible?
Polio vaccines, mass vaccination campaigns, formation of GPEI - global polio eradication initiative
Why would the polio eradication program be considered a public health success?
Because it went from being one of the most feared diseases in the world to being eliminated in most of the world
How does polio eradication relate to Socio Ecological Model
Individual - vaccination
community - administering the vaccines, Organizational - supporting immunization, Global GPEI efforts
How does polio eradication relate to Health Behavior Change?
Action - mass vaccination campaigns to get people to get vaccinated
What public health problem was PEPFAR responding to? - President’s Emergency Plan for AIDs Relief
HIV/AIDS epidemic
Where was PEPFAR implemented?
Implemented by the US but globally used
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the PEPFAR program possible?
$110 billion investment, whole government approach - 7 other government agencies involved
Why would PEPFAR be considered a public health success?
Because it has saved estimated 26 million lives
How does PEPFAR relate to the socioecological model
Community - public health campaigns, institutional - agencies coordinating efforts, global - partnerships
How does PEPFAR relate to Health Behavior Change?
Maintenance - long term prevention, continued access to medication and education to prevent relapse
What public health problem was the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 (anti-tobacco) program responding to?
Smoking-related diseases causes by tobacco use
Where was the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 (anti-tobacco) program implemented?
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 (anti-tobacco) program possible?
Litigation from over 40 states, anti-smoking campaigns, transparency about health risks, restricted youth advertising, banned tobacco brand sponsorships
Why would the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 (anti-tobacco) program be considered a public health success?
significant decline in smoking rates - consumption dropping more than 50%, and youth smoking rates decreasing
How does the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 (anti-tobacco) relate to the socioecological model
Individual - discourage smoking through education, communities funding prevention programs, policies banning advertising
How does Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 (anti-tobacco) program relate to Health Behavior Change?
Precontemplation to contemplation - increased awareness of dangers
What public health problem was Colonoscopy responding to?
High incidence of (CRC) Colorectal cancer
Where was colonoscopy implemented?
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the colonoscopy possible?
Technology advancements - high definition imagining and robotic assisted techniques
Public health campaigns
Insurance coverage expansions
Guidelines from American Cancer Society
Why would the colonoscopy be considered a public health success?
Increase screening of over 20% - resulting in earlier detection and treatment, reducing mortality rates
How does the colonoscopy relate to the socioecological model
Individual - screen, Community - campaigns, Policy - insurance expansion
How does the colonoscopy relate to Health Behavior Change?
Contemplation - get screened, action - follow through, maintenance - future exams
What public health problem was the WIC program responding to? - The special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children
Helping low income pregnant women, new mothers, and young children get adequate nutrition
where was the WIC program implemented?
Federal program implemented across the U.S.
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the WIC program possible?
Research about linking early nutrition to long-term health
Why would the WIC program be considered a public health success?
Improves birth outcomes, healthy growth in children, lower risk of obesity
How does the WIC program relate to the socioecological model
Individual - nutrition education, organizational - hospital and clinic partnership, community - grocery store partnership to increase access to food, policy - federal funding
How does the WIC program relate to Health Behavior Change?
Contemplation - applying for program, action - using the program, maintenance - making healthier choices
What public health problem was the catalytic converter responding to?
Air pollution
Where was the catalytic converter implemented?
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the catalytic converter possible?
Clean air act of 1970 - include converters, reduce car emissions by 90%
Why would the catalytic converter be considered a public health success?
Reduced car emissions by up to 98% which improved air quality
How does the catalytic converter relate to the socioecological model
Interpersonal - public awareness about air pollution, organizational - required to use catalytic converters and meet emissions standards, policy - clean air act and regulations
How does the catalytic converter relate to Health Behavior Change?
Action - requirement to use converters in new cars
What public health problem was the program Folic Acid Supplementation responding to?
Congenital Neural tube defects
Where was Folic Acid Supplementation implemented
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the Folic Acid Supplementation program possible?
Research about folic acid deficiencies
FDA recommendation of 400 ug taken daily
Food fortification
Why would the folic acid supplementation program be considered a public health success?
Reduced neural tube defects by 25-30%
How does the folic acid supplementation program relate to the socioecological model
Individual - women take folic acid, interpersonal - educate about folic acid, community - fortify grain, policy - FDA mandatory food fortification
how does the folic acid supplementation relate to Health Behavior Change?
Contemplation - learn about folic acid, action - take it before and during pregnancy
What public health problem was the program Rwanda’s healthcare system post- genocide responding to?
Rwanda’s healthcare system following the 1994 genocide
where was Rwanda’s healthcare system post- genocide implemented?
Rwanda
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the program Rwanda’s healthcare system post- genocide possible?
Community based health insurance
Building of rural health posts
Why would the program Rwanda’s healthcare system post- genocide be considered a public health success?
Rise in life expectancy from 49.7 in 2001 to 69.6 in 2022
Universal health coverage with over 90% insured
How does this program Rwanda’s healthcare system post- genocide relate to the socioecological model
Individual - gain access to healthcare, organization - health posts expanded. Policy - community health insurance
How does this program Rwanda’s healthcare system post- genocide relate to Health Behavior Change?
Action - implement health insurance, build clinic, train workers
What public health problem was the program Partners in Health - Haiti responding to?
Lack of healthcare access in Haiti
where was Partners in Health - Haiti implemented
Haiti
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the program
Partners in Health - Haiti
possible?
Integrating hospital based care with community health programs
ART - HIV/AID treatment
Workforce expansion holistic approach
Why would the program Partners in Health - Haiti be considered a public health success?
Expanded healthcare access to thousands of people in Haiti
Proved that HIV/AID could be treated in poor countries
Created a sustainable healthcare workforce
How does this program Partners in Health - Haiti relate to the socioecological model
Individual - people are receiving care, community - Investment in nutrition, water, family planning
How does this program Partners in Health - Haiti relate to Health Behavior Change?
Contemplation - awareness of healthcare options, action - receiving treatment, maintenance - being a sustainable healthcare system
What public health problem was the program Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) responding to?
Poor sanitation and open defecation in India
Where was the program Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) implemented?
Nationwide in India
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the program
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)
possible?
Toilet construction
Why would the program Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) be considered a public health success?
Over 100 million household toilets constructed
Reduce open defecation
Toilets in rural india increased from 39% to over 95%
How does this program Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) relate to the socioecological model
Individual - use a toilet instead of open defecation, organizational - implement sanitation. Policy - large scale toilet construction
How does this program Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) relate to Health Behavior Change?
Contemplation - aware of health risks with open defecation, action - building of toilets
What public health problem was the program Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) responding to?
Food insecurity and and Malnutrition
Where was the program Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) implemented?
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) program possible?
Research about SNAP improving health outcomes and reducing healthcare costs
Why would the program SNAP be considered a public health success?
Serves over 41 million Americans every month, reduces healthcare costs
How does this program SNAP relate to the socioecological model
Individual - gives access to food, organizational - grocery stores expanding food access, policy - federal funds
How does this program SNAP relate to Health Behavior Change?
Contemplation - awareness about campaigns, action - using benefits
What public health problem was the program wateraid responding to?
Lack of water access, sanitation, hygiene (WASH)
Where was the program wateraid implemented?
Ethiopia - expanded globally
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the program wateraid possible?
Community-led projects
Collaborations with organizations such as LDS church
Why would the program wateraid be considered a public health success?
29 million people have gained access to clean water - reducing risk of waterborne disease
How does this program relate to the socioecological model - wateraid
Individual - benefit from clean water, policy - work with government
How does this program relate to Health Behavior Change? - wateraid
Contemplation - learn about benefits of clean water, action - use safe water
What public health problem was the program The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
responding to?
Increase in workplace injuries and deaths and illnesses
Where was the program implemented? - OSHA
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the program possible? - OSHA
Creation of OSHA - occupational safety and health administration
Creation of NIOSH - national institute for occupational safety and health
Ability to enforce safety rules, inspect, and train employers
Why would the program be considered a public health success? - OSHA
Reduced workplace injuries and deaths
Promoted awareness
How does this program relate to the socioecological model - OSHA
Individual - workers are protected, organizational - employers required to follow OSHA safety standard, policy - NIOSH conducts research
How does this program relate to Health Behavior Change? - OSHA
Contemplation - concerns about work safety. Preparation - OSHA act, action - employers implemented safety measures
What public health problem was the Smallpox eradication campaign program responding to?
smallpox
Where was the program Smallpox eradication campaign implemented?
globally
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the Smallpox eradication campaign program possible?
Improved vaccine, contact tracing
Why would the program Smallpox eradication campaign be considered a public health success?
First disease to be eradicated
How does this program relate to the socioecological model - smallpox
Individual - vaccine, organizational - partner with WHO, community - mass vaccination
How does this program relate to Health Behavior Change? - Smallpox eradication campaign
Contemplation - learn about smallpox, action - receive vaccine, maintenance - continued surveillance
What public health problem was the Newborn Genetic Screening program responding to?
infants with severe genetic disorders
Where was the Newborn Genetic Screening program implemented?
US
What were the major breakthroughs, policy changes or partnerships that made the program possible? - newborn genetic screening
PKU screening
Technology advancements
why would the program be considered a public health success? - newborn genetic screening
Identifies genetic disorders early - preventing long term health complications
Improve quality of life
How does this program relate to the socioecological model - newborn genetic screening
Individual - benefit from early detection, organizational - hospitals and clinics implementing screening
How does this program relate to Health Behavior Change? - newborn genetic screening
Contemplation - learn about importance of it, action - screening is conducted
