Quiz 2 Flashcards
autotrophic eukaryotes
red algae, green algae, charophytes and land
plants. They include unicellular, multicellular and colonial species
characteristics Supergroup Archaeplastida
are chloroplasts
surrounded by two membranes, mostly cellulose cell walls, and food stored as
starch
Alternation of Generations
members of a species exist in two body forms, one
sexual and one asexual. Alternation of generations is seen in some red and green algae
and all higher plants.
haploid gametophyte
sexual and produces male and female gametes
diploid sporophyte
undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores that grow
into new gametophytes
red algae
mainly multicellular, lack flagella, and range in size from microscopic
unicellular protists to large multicellular aquatic organisms
chlorophyll
gives plants and algae their green color and helps them absorb energy from the sun
phycobilins
red or blue pigment in algae
Porphyra,
rhodophyta paper-thin, leafy flat thallus, known as nori or seaweed that we eat
Viridiplantae Superclade
Charophytes, Chlorophytes and Embryophytes
Derived shared characteristics of the Viridiplanta
chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
* Starch contained within chloroplast
* Cell walls composed of cellulose
Chlorophyta Clade
unicellular, multicellular filamentous, and colonial green
algae
reproduce sexually and asexually, alternation of
generations.
isogamous
sexual reproduction where the gametes are of similar size
oogamous (heterogamous
type of sexual reproduction in which gametes are of different sizes
Stoneworts (Chara
CHAROPHYTE
freshwater algae slender stems whorled
branchlets
They are attached by rhizoids to
the substrate
Spirogyra
charophyte
Multicellular
Isogamous
filamentous green alga
Embryophyte Clade
complex, multicellular
organisms.
embryo within the female reproductive organ
Alternation of Heteromorphic Generation
two stages of their life cycle that have different body forms
Embryophytes (land plants) share the following derived characteristics:
alternation of heteromorphic generations.
cuticle covers the epidermis.
stomata
l meristems
Liverworts
small, elusive, nonvascular plants
asexually reproductive gemmae cups
Hepatophyta) Clade
Mosses
small nonvascular plants found on soil, trees
gametophyte is dominant
Bryophyta Clade
Tracheophyta Clade
plants, have tubes of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
extending from their true roots, up their true stems and to their true leaves.
Seedless vascular plants
produce spores enveloped
in sporopollenin. do not produce seeds
sperm is flagellated
water for fertilization.
sporophyte generation
dominant,
Moniliophyta (Polypodiophyta) Clade
diverse group of ferns. cold to warm, and wet to dry.
true roots, stems and leaves.
What is a gametophyte
the haploid phase of a plant’s life cycle that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction
What is a sporophyte
diploid phase of a plant’s life cycle that produces haploid spores through meiosis, which grow into the gametophyte generation
oogonium
female reproductive cell that develops into an egg cell (ovum) in plants, algae, fungi, and animals
antheridium
male reproductive structure in plants, algae, and fungi that produces and releases sperm cells.
Volvox
Chlorophytes
reproduce asexual
colonies
Ulva
Chlorophytes
Thin, flat body form is called a thallus
Multicellular
ISOGAMY
Oedogonium
Chlorophytes
Multicellular, filamentous green alga
Oogamous
Charophytes
Sister taxa to plants
Derived Traits that Separate Plants from Charophytes
Gametangia
Alternation of heteromorphic generations
Meristems
* Embryos
* Spores
* Stomata
Cuticle
games suffolk county
Gametophyte generation
haploid (n) multicellular; makes haploid
gametes by mitosis; gametes that unite to form a diploid (2n) zygote
Sporophyte generation
diploid (2n) multicellular; grows from the zygote;
makes haploid (n) spores by meiosis that germinate into a new gametophyte.
What is the clade of all plants with vascular tissue
Tracheophytes
Xylem
water and minerals
from soil up to the rest of the plant
Phloem
products of
photosynthesis (throughout the
plant.
Characteristics of Ferns
possess homospory
do NOT produce seeds.
- sperm is flagellated
