practical Flashcards
Where are true stomates located in a conifer leaf?
True stomates are located on the undersides of conifer leaves.
Do angiosperm leaves have true stomates?
Yes, angiosperm leaves have true stomates typically located on the lower surface.
What are the main source of photosynthesis in conifers?
Conifers’ true leaves, modified into needlelike structures, are their main source of photosynthesis.
How are the stomates distributed in the Tradescantia zebrina plant?
Stomates are distributed on both the upper and lower epidermis of the Zebrina leaf.
Is Tradescantia zebrina a monocot or eudicot?
Tradescantia zebrina is a eudicot leaf based on its characteristics.
Where is gas exchange known to occur on a Zebrina leaf?
Gas exchange occurs on both the upper and lower epidermis of the Zebrina leaf.
What is the significance of the term ‘Angiosperm’ in Greek?
‘Angio’ means ‘vessel’ and ‘sperm’ means ‘seed’.
When did Angiosperms evolve?
About 140 million years ago from a spermatophyte ancestor.
Why were insect pollinators important in the evolution of Angiosperms?
They led to widespread evolution and diversification of Angiosperms.
What distinguishes Angiosperms as the dominant plant on earth by 100 million years ago?
Their widespread presence and dominance in ecosystems.
Describe the shoot system of Angiosperms.
It comprises strong stems, leaves, and reproductive flowers.
Explain the difference between Eudicots and Monocots.
Eudicots and Monocots have varying structures such as cotyledon numbers, flower petals, and leaf vein arrangements.
Which structures make up the female pistil in a flower?
Stigma, style, and ovary.
What are the structural components of the male stamen in a flower?
Filament and anther.
What is the purpose of sepals in a flower?
They surround and protect the petals.
How do petals aid in the reproduction of flowers?
They attract pollinators with their color and scent.
What is the function of stomates in a pine needle?
Stomates in pine needles help reduce water loss.
How are pine species identified based on needle patterns?
Differences in needle patterns help identify the species of pine trees.
Explain the significance of the wings on pine pollen grains.
Wings on pine pollen grains aid in their dispersal by wind.
What is the role of the generative cell in pine pollen grains?
The generative cell becomes the sperm that fertilizes the egg.
Describe the structure of a male pinecone microsporangium.
A male pinecone microsporangium contains pollen grains.
What are the two basic groups of modern seed plants?
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Define a seed in the context of vascular plants.
Result of fertilization containing diploid embryo and food supply, protected by a seed coat.
Explain the term ‘Gymnosperms.’
Seeds on the surface not enclosed within the parent plant.
What are the four Phylum-level clades of Gymnosperms?
Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, and Gnetophyta.
Describe the dominant structure in conifers.
Sporophyte, including tall trees with woody trunks and needle-like leaves.
Explain how male cones in conifers differ from female cones.
Male cones are soft and short-lived, while female cones are woody and long-lasting.
What is the function of ovules in a female cone?
Ovules produce haploid megaspores that develop into female gametophytes.
Describe the process of pollen transport in conifers.
Pollen containing sperm is carried by wind to fertilize the eggs in the female cone.
How long does it take for pollen tubes to fertilize eggs in female cones in conifers?
Pollen tubes can take up to a year to grow and fertilize eggs.
What flower structure is a string bean?
The bean itself is a fruit.
How many sections are in the lily ovary due to being a monocot?
The lily ovary has three sections called carpels.
What surrounds the haploid embryo sac in a lilium ovule?
The haploid embryo sac is surrounded by integuments.
What does the tube cell of pollen grain develop into during fertilization?
The tube cell grows into a pollen tube.
Describe double fertilization in angiosperms.
One sperm fertilizes the egg, while the other forms the endosperm.
