quiz

Question 1

What is the process of digestion

Answer 1

1. Begins in the mouth where mechanical(chewing) and chemical digestion break down food via amylase being secreted from the salivary glands that break down carbohydrates
2. A bolus forms that is swallowed down the esophagus via peristalsis(circular contraction and longitudinal contraction) to push the bolus down the alimentary canal
3. a. Stomach mechanically churns
   b. chemical/enzymatic
   Parietal cells secrete HCL(h+ cl-) denatures proteins
   Chief cells secrete the protein pepsinogen with a low pH activates the pepsin cuts long polypeptides into shorter polypeptides
4. Combo of mechanical and chemical digestion results in chyme that enters small intestine(duodenum)
   From the bile duct bile salts are dumped into the duodenum of the small intestine and they make fats soluble and make them hydrophilic
   From the pancreas digestive enzymes or all carbon compounds that are dumped from pancreatic duct of the duodenum of small intestine.
   Peristalsis moves the bolus slowly forward through the small intestine allows time for enzymes to work

Question 2

Small intestine

Answer 2

Have villi and along it is microvilli with enzymes. Their is capillaries and their is also lacteal(uptakes fats)

Question 3

digestion in the first part of the duodenum of small intestine uses what

Answer 3

Uses enzymes from pancreas to breaks down short polymers into di molecules.

Question 4

Digestion in latter half uses

Answer 4

Enzymes from the small intestines break down di molecules into monomers via microvilli by abrading and mixing with the chyme and continue to digest as the bolus flows forward to the gut

Question 5

hOW ARE MONOMERS TRANSPORTED

Answer 5

The transported across the membrane through the microvili into the capillary(AA/ nucleotide/glucose to fructose or into the lacteal(fatty acid and glycerol

Question 6

Waste

Answer 6

In large intestine active transport moves ions from the lumen of the large intestine into the cells and therfore water will follow and the fecal matter will be dehydrated

Question 7

Hepatic artery

Answer 7

Brings oxygen to the liver

Question 8

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 8

Blood from stomach and intestines come into the liver to be filtered

Question 9

Hepatic vein

Answer 9

blood away from the liver

Question 10

Sinusoids

Answer 10

Have hepatocytes on the edge and along the lumen is kfeifer cells

Question 11

Hepatocytes

Answer 11

converts glucose to glycogen for storage(hyperglycemia)
Break glycogen to glucose to be released into the blood during hypoglycemia
Convert toxic ammonium from amino acid break down to urea
Detoxify toxic compounds and make them hydrophyllic(+-) to be excreted in the urine

Question 12

Kupfer cells

Answer 12

Break down red blood cells(protein and hemes)
1. Break down proteins into amino acids
2. Heme is broken down into bilurubin into bile(bile salts)
3. Iron gets sent to the bone marrow to be recycled into new RBC

Question 13

Process of digestion

Answer 13

1. Mouth: mechanical(chewing) and chemical digestion break down food via amylase being secreted from the salivary glands that break down carbohydrates
2. Esophagus: Bolus forms from the following and moves down the esophagus via peristalsis(longitudinal and circular contraction to push it down alimentary canal.
3. Stomach uses mechanical and chemical digestion
   a. Mechanical function is churning
   b. Chemical digestion
4. Parietal cells secrete HCL to denature proteins
5. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen that becomes pepsin due to to the low pH levels. The pepsin then breaks down the amino acids into smaller polypeptides.