Quiz 12/5

Question 1

Which ONE of the three types of reciprocity is the most like barter or trading? (pp. 327-8)?

Answer 1

balanced reciprocity

Question 2

What is potlatch and who did it?

Answer 2

Native Americans of the Northwest Coast, local leaders gave away large quantities of goods and resources

Question 3

What are the two things that led anthropologist to say that ____________societies are ‘original affluent societies’ anyway? (see Lee and Devore studies)?

Answer 3

foragers expended minimal labor, had long lifespans

Question 4

Tribute (tributary exchange) first appears with which type of society (foraging/bands horticultural, chiefdoms or agricultural states??)

Answer 4

chiefdoms

Question 5

What are the three types of reciprocity and which ONE is the practice known as hxaro an example of?

Answer 5

reciprocal, redistributional, and tributary;

Question 6

What are the three types of reciprocity and which ONE is the practice known as hxaro an example of?

Answer 6

reciprocal, redistributional, and tributary; reciprocal

Question 7

The development of peasantries and moral economies both are associated with what type of society/economic type (foragers/bands, horticulturalist, chiefdoms, agricultural states or postindustrial societies??)

Answer 7

agricultural states

Question 8

See if you can see the general PATTERN in the chapter: As we go from forgers/bands up to agricultural states( based on intensive agriculture) did property ownership become more defined overall or less defined overall…as we go from bands to agricultural states?

Answer 8

more

Question 9

To get a feel for some of the variety of things anthropologist study, who and what did Gabriella Coleman study? 1-3 word answer will do!!

Answer 9

hackers

Question 10

Page 408—17.2 Summary—What are the “two basic elements’ of social organization in foraging societies?***

Answer 10

the nuclear family and the band

Question 11

WHY do forgers live in such small (nuclear) family units—how is it adaptive (think of the large case four letter word I used several times in LECTURE….F__ ___ ___ (on ch. 15 notes!)

Answer 11

flex

Question 12

What is the function of the 8 year bride service in the !Kung San?(how might it enhance survival for these foragers?)

Answer 12

strengthens economic and social ties between bands

Question 13

Are males and females basically equal or very unequal in foragers?

Answer 13

equal

Question 14

What is a clan? What is a lineage?***

Answer 14

clan - a form of descent group whose members trace their descent to an unknown ancestor or sacred plant or animal spirit; lineage - descent groups composed of relatives who trace their relationship through blood or marriage relations to an actual known ancestor

Question 15

Divorce: In foragers/bands is divorce easy and common or rare/ at the opposite end, in agricultural states is divorce easy and common or rare?

Answer 15

more common in bands than agricultural states

Question 16

Polygyny: According to the Human Relations Area File and Ember and Ember study (p. 383) what cultural phenomenon is polygyny often correlated with?

Answer 16

prevalence of warfare

Question 17

What is the levirate? (p. 384)

Answer 17

the rule that a widow is expected to marry one of her deceased husband’s brothers

Question 18

What is polygyny and is it common in bands/foragers OR in tribes?

Answer 18

tribes

Question 19

WHY is female status the lowest (often) in agricultural states/intensive agricultural societies? (p. 394)

Answer 19

as their use in the economy lessened, their social status also lessened

Question 20

According to Cowgill’s classic study on aging and status, WHY is the status of the elderly higher in the former Soviet Union and Japan (top right column p. 405!!)

Answer 20

faster industrialization led to less time to transform social structures

Question 21

WHY does the status of the elderly generally drop human society has industrialized? (p. 405, left column!)

Answer 21

industrialization favors the young; when technological change accelerates knowledge becomes obsolete

Question 22

When conflict does occur in foragers/bands (p. 415-6) what are TWO common means of resolution? Hint the second one done by children in the Mbuti!!

Answer 22

children chastise those who are being lazy/selfish/etc; elders assert authority and evaluate the dispute

Question 23

Warfare is endemic (very common) in many tribal societies WHY?

Answer 23

competition for resources, inclusive fitness