Quiz 12/5 Flashcards
Which ONE of the three types of reciprocity is the most like barter or trading? (pp. 327-8)?
balanced reciprocity
What is potlatch and who did it?
Native Americans of the Northwest Coast, local leaders gave away large quantities of goods and resources
What are the two things that led anthropologist to say that ____________societies are ‘original affluent societies’ anyway? (see Lee and Devore studies)?
foragers expended minimal labor, had long lifespans
Tribute (tributary exchange) first appears with which type of society (foraging/bands horticultural, chiefdoms or agricultural states??)
chiefdoms
What are the three types of reciprocity and which ONE is the practice known as hxaro an example of?
reciprocal, redistributional, and tributary;
What are the three types of reciprocity and which ONE is the practice known as hxaro an example of?
reciprocal, redistributional, and tributary; reciprocal
The development of peasantries and moral economies both are associated with what type of society/economic type (foragers/bands, horticulturalist, chiefdoms, agricultural states or postindustrial societies??)
agricultural states
See if you can see the general PATTERN in the chapter: As we go from forgers/bands up to agricultural states( based on intensive agriculture) did property ownership become more defined overall or less defined overall…as we go from bands to agricultural states?
more
To get a feel for some of the variety of things anthropologist study, who and what did Gabriella Coleman study? 1-3 word answer will do!!
hackers
Page 408—17.2 Summary—What are the “two basic elements’ of social organization in foraging societies?***
the nuclear family and the band
WHY do forgers live in such small (nuclear) family units—how is it adaptive (think of the large case four letter word I used several times in LECTURE….F__ ___ ___ (on ch. 15 notes!)
flex
What is the function of the 8 year bride service in the !Kung San?(how might it enhance survival for these foragers?)
strengthens economic and social ties between bands
Are males and females basically equal or very unequal in foragers?
equal
What is a clan? What is a lineage?***
clan - a form of descent group whose members trace their descent to an unknown ancestor or sacred plant or animal spirit; lineage - descent groups composed of relatives who trace their relationship through blood or marriage relations to an actual known ancestor
Divorce: In foragers/bands is divorce easy and common or rare/ at the opposite end, in agricultural states is divorce easy and common or rare?
more common in bands than agricultural states
Polygyny: According to the Human Relations Area File and Ember and Ember study (p. 383) what cultural phenomenon is polygyny often correlated with?
prevalence of warfare
What is the levirate? (p. 384)
the rule that a widow is expected to marry one of her deceased husband’s brothers
What is polygyny and is it common in bands/foragers OR in tribes?
tribes
WHY is female status the lowest (often) in agricultural states/intensive agricultural societies? (p. 394)
as their use in the economy lessened, their social status also lessened
According to Cowgill’s classic study on aging and status, WHY is the status of the elderly higher in the former Soviet Union and Japan (top right column p. 405!!)
faster industrialization led to less time to transform social structures
WHY does the status of the elderly generally drop human society has industrialized? (p. 405, left column!)
industrialization favors the young; when technological change accelerates knowledge becomes obsolete
When conflict does occur in foragers/bands (p. 415-6) what are TWO common means of resolution? Hint the second one done by children in the Mbuti!!
children chastise those who are being lazy/selfish/etc; elders assert authority and evaluate the dispute
Warfare is endemic (very common) in many tribal societies WHY?
competition for resources, inclusive fitness
