Quiz 10/31

Question 1

What are the seven aspects of society that seem to differentiate ‘complex state societies’?

Answer 1

Settlement Patterns and Organization, Monumental Architecture, Specialization, Status and Social Ranking, Trade and Exchange, Religion, and Written Language

Question 2

As we move from small villages TO agricultural states, we find more pottery kilns and styles of pottery, metallurgy exploding and the development of artists, accountants, and scribes—all of these developments are examples related to which ONE of the 7 main elements of complex state societies?

Answer 2

specialization

Question 3

What two phenomena do current archaeologists believe contributed greatly to the collapse of the Moche civilization (p. 222)?

Answer 3

El Nino events and earthquakes

Question 4

Which theorist of state collapse argues that as states develop and age they become specialized unable to adapt to changing conditions rendering them too inflexible to survive (Service, Yoffee or Tainter)?

Answer 4

Service

Question 5

Which theories of state collapse say that, contrary to popular opinion, collapse is not a catastrophe but a logical choice based on declining returns for the people?

Answer 5

Tainter

Question 6

The models known as the hydraulic hypothesis model and trade and exchange models fit into which perspective (conflict perspective p. 209) OR (integrationist perspective p. 208)?

Answer 6

integrationist

Question 7

The idea that population growth in a region with clearly defined boundaries like a narrow valley or high mountains or unfriendly neighbors fits with which model listed in the above question?

Answer 7

conflict

Question 8

What is enculturation?

Answer 8

the process of social interaction through which people learn and acquire their culture

Question 9

What does Victor Turner mean by the term ‘multivocality’ p. 231)?

Answer 9

symbols may have multiple meanings for people within a society

Question 10

The swastika, the American Flag and the Virgin of Guadalupe were both in the text as an example of what concept?

Answer 10

condensation

Question 11

To Mary Douglas, what is the basis of SOME of food taboo, like no pork or shellfish for Isrealites?

Answer 11

The Bible

Question 12

For Marvin Harris, what is the common basis for food taboos (like the pork taboo in the Middle East)?

Answer 12

pigs were costly to raise and therefore established as taboo in religious texts

Question 13

Nancy Rosenberger studies how food and globalization intersect (pp. 237-8): From her research, how has globalization harmed low-income, rural Oregonians?

Answer 13

the globalized food system produces much processed food and takes the control of food production out of local hands

Question 14

What do Rasta dreadlocks symbolize to non-Rasta people and what do dreadlocks symbolize to the Rastafarians themselves?

Answer 14

unkempt, dangerous, dirty; power, liberation, defiance

Question 15

According to the text what are two things that the Old Order Amish use to distinguish themselves from others?

Answer 15

speaking a German dialect and wearing traditional clothing

Question 16

In Saudi Arabia if a woman fails to wear the abaya and hijab is this breaking a more or breaking a folkway?

Answer 16

breaking a more

Question 17

In America, if a woman wears a super short 10 inch mini-skirt to a business meeting or a scientific conference is this breaking a more or a folkway?

Answer 17

breaking a folkway

Question 18

True or False—Marvin Harris sees food taboos as having adaptive significance in terms of health or ecological costs.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

True or False—Mary Douglas sees food taboos as arbitrary, based on cultural (symbolic) classifications.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

In another chapter, (p 470) what is glocalization (definition)? How was glocalization seen in women in Thailand and Korea?

Answer 20

the incorporation of the global into the local; women gain independence from global ideas and processes, but still cope with entrenched gender inequality