Quiz 10 Flashcards
Behaviorists claim that individuals’ behavior is caused by the environment. This belief classified them as
B. Determinists
Because behaviorists view the individual as objects in a physical environment, subject to physical laws, they see no need to focus their attention on any of the following except
D. Acts
To the behaviorists, an understanding of the laws of learning promises to _______ any and all personality theories
C. Replace
In designing research, behaviorists emphasize that one must study things that are
B. Observable
Though behaviorists were ultimately interested in explaining the behavior of people, they did their research on laboratory animals based on the rationale that underlies the _________ strategy
C. Simple systems
In conditioning little Alberta fear a rat, the ___________ was the unconditioned stimulus and the ________ was the conditioned stimulus
A. Loud noise; Rat
Little Alberts fear of other white furry objects (besides white rats) illustrates the concept of
D. Generalization
If one were to counter condition little Albert to unlearn his fear of rats, which of the following items would most probably be at the bottom of his anxiety hierarchy?
B. Seeing a picture of a rat
And experiment by Baccus, Baldwin, and Packer (2004) demonstrated that classical conditioning processes can explain differences in
D. Self esteem
Eric Kandel’s research on sea slugs indicates the connections between neurons _________ as a function of classical conditioning
C. Strengthen
More specifically, what does Kandel’s (2000) research tell us about the neural and biochemical processes that allow for classical conditioning in Aplysia?
B. When presented with an UCS, interneurons become more active and send neurotransmitters to the motor neurons, which causes movement and enhance the Gill-withdrawal reflex
Skinner distinguished between responses whose environmental cause can be known, and those that were elicited by the organism itself. This latter type of response is known as a(n)
B. Operant
Response-based schedules of reinforcement, such as when _________, tend to generate higher levels of response than do interval-based schedules of reinforcement, such as when
A. A freelance writer gets paid only after successfully turning in her assignments; a writer on payroll gets paid at the end of every week, regardless of output
The process through which organisms acquire complex behaviors is called:
B. Shaping through successive approximations
Skinner valued reinforcement over punishment, because the effects of punishment tend to be
D. Temporary
According to Skinnerians, individuals don’t have “sick personalities;” rather they may have simply learned a ________ response
C. Maladaptive
In ABC assessment: one assesses the Antecedent conditions of the behavior, the Behavior itself, and the ________ of the behavior
C. Consequences
In the ABA research design, one measures behavior at one point in time, introduces a reinforcer and measures behavior again a second time point, and then one _______ the reinforcer to see if the behavior returns to its original level
D. Removes
In a _______, one reinforces desirable behaviors with objects they can be exchanged for a desired items
A. Token economy
Skinner believe that our illusion of free will is created by the fact that the environmental causes of our behavior are often
C. Complex
