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ihc - chloe > QUIZ 1 QTR 2 > Flashcards

QUIZ 1 QTR 2 Flashcards

1
Q

________ are a person’s temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure, abbreviated as T, P, R, and BP

A

Vital signs

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2
Q

____ is often called the fifth vital sign

A

Pain

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3
Q

______, the noninvasive measurement of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood, is also often included with the measurement of vital signs

A

Pulse oximetry

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3
Q
  • the result of the amount of heat produced and the amount of heat lost by the body
A

Body temperature

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4
Q

Purposes
To obtain baseline information

A

Body temperature

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5
Q

Purposes
To assess the progression of an illness

A

Body temperature

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6
Q

Purposes
To monitor a response to therapy

A

Body temperature

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7
Q

5 ways of assessing body temp

A

Oral temperature
Ear temperature
Rectal temperature
Axillary temperature
Temporal artery temperature

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8
Q

TYPE OF BODY TEMPERATURE

Sites: rectum, tympanic membrane, oral cavity

A

Core temperature

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9
Q

TYPE OF BODY TEMPERATURE

Sites: skin and axillae (skin or outside)

A

Surface temperature

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9
Q
  • controls heat loss; nerve sensors send out signals that initiate sweating peripheral vasodilation and inhibition of heat production.
A

Anterior hypothalamus

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10
Q

the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function Sometimes, when you are cold, it’s because you are kulang sa calorie intake

A

Basal metabolic rate

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10
Q
  • controls heat production; nerve sensors send out signals that initiate shivering vasoconstriction and release of epinephrine.
A

Posterior hypothalamus

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10
Q

_______, one of the presenting symptoms is hotness or warm feeling. This is because too much thyroxine is produced.

A

Hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

(4) FACTORS THAT PROMOTE HEAT LOSS

A

Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Vaporization (evaporation)

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12
Q
  • changes throughout the day

Because of the mechanisms that take place in your body, your signs aren’t the same the whole day.

A

Diurnal variations

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12
Q

DISADVANTAGE

Contraindicated in children below 3 y/o
Seizure-prone client
Confused, irrational, and unconscious clients
Clients who experience nausea and vomiting
Contraindicated after oral and nasal surgery

A

ORAL ROUTE

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13
Q

ADVANTAGE

Most accessible and convenient

Reflects rapid change in core temperature

A

ORAL ROUTE

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14
Q

ADVANTAGE

Safest and non-invasive; accessible

Can be used for newborns and uncooperative clients

A

AXILLARY ROUTE

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15
Q

DISADVANTAGE
Thermometer must remain in place for long periods; approx. 8 minutes (not that long lagi)

Not as accurate as rectal route

A

AXILLARY ROUTE

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16
Q

ADVANTAGE

Easily accessible
Reflects results within seconds
Unaltered by eating, smoking, drinking, and oxygen administration
Can be used for infants, unconscious, and dyspneic clients

A

TYMPANIC ROUTE

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17
Q

DISADVANTAGE

Equipment is expensive
Can be uncomfortable
Contraindicated for clients with ear infections and those who underwent ear surgery
Earwax may result to inaccurately low result

A

TYMPANIC ROUTE

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18
Q

ADVANTAGE

Same with tympanic
Easily accessible
Reflects results within seconds
Unaltered by eating, smoking, drinking, and oxygen administration
Can be used for infants, unconscious, and dyspneic clients

A

TEMPORAL ROUTE

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19
Q

DISADVANTAGE

Head covering, hair or temporal area against a high pillow or mattress can cause inaccurately high results

Influenced by perspiration

A

TEMPORAL ROUTE

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20
Q

Hypothermia - Body temperature _____

A

< 36°C

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21
Q

Severe hypothermia - body temperature _____

A

< 28°C

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21
Q

Hyperthermia - Body temperature ____

A

> 40.5°C

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22
Q

Heat stroke - Caused by exercise in hot weather

A

Heat stroke

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22
Q
  • caused by excessive envionmental heat and dehydration
A

Heat exhaustion

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23
Q

Clinical indicators:
Weakness, muscle aches, headache, syncope, N/V pallor, dizziness, diaphoresis

A

Heat exhaustion

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23
Q

Clinical indicators:
Flushed, hot and dry skin, throbbing headache; rapid, strong pulse
WOF: impaired judgment, delirium, unconsciousness and seizure

A

Heat stroke

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24
Q

Fever (pyrexia, febrile) - temperature ____°C (orally) or ____°C (rectally).

A

37.8 (orally)

38.3 (rectally)

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24
Q

Hyperpyrexia - temperature of __°C or more.

A

41

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25
Q

Clinical indicators:
Agitation
Confusion
Stupor and may progress to coma

A

Hyperpyrexia

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26
Q

Wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricles of the heart

Regulated by autonomic nervous system

A

PULSE

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27
Q
  • amount of blood that enters the aorta with each ventricular contraction.
A

Stroke volume

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28
Q
  • amount of blood pumped by the heart in one full minute.
A

Cardiac output

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28
Q

DISADVANTAGE

Inconvenient and difficult to clients who are unable to turn to sides

Presence of stool may interfere with thermometer placement

May cause ulcerations and rectal perforations in children and infants

contraindicated to client with diarrhea, after recall and prostatic surgery or injury, recent myocardial infarction and post head injury.

May embarrass the client; requires privacy

Contraindicated for newborns, client with hemorrhoids, or a fragile rectal mucosa and those who underwent colon and rectal surgery, clients with heart conditions

A

RECTAL ROUTE

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29
Q
  • discrepancy between the two pulse rates
A

Pulse deficit

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29
Q

ADVANTAGE
Most accurate and reliable measurement of temperature

A

RECTAL ROUTE

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30
Q

Act of not breathing

Movement of gases into and out of the lungs, promoting an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the capillary beds in the alveoli

A

RESPIRATION

31
Q

Involves inhalation and exhalation

A

RESPIRATION

32
Q

External intercostal muscles and other accessory muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles

A

COSTAL BREATHING

33
Q

The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, and it is observed by the movement of the abdomen

A

DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING

34
Q

Exercise (increases metabolism)
Stress (readies the body for “fight or flight”)

Increased environmental temperature

Lowered oxygen concentration at increased altitudes

A

INCREASES RESPIRATORY RATE

35
Q

Decreased environmental temperature

Certain medications (e.g., narcotics)

Increased intracranial pressure

A

DECREASES RESPIRATORY RATE

36
Q

Eupnea - _____

A

normal

36
Q

Bradypnea - ____

A

slow

37
Q

Tachypnea - _____

A

fast

38
Q

______ - absence of breathing

A

Apnea

39
Q

______ - labored respiration normally occurring during exercise

A

Hyperpnea

40
Q

______ - difficulty in breathing

A

Dyspnea

41
Q

Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

42
Q

Indirect measurement of the flow of blood against arterial walls during cardiac contraction and cardiac relaxation

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

43
Q

Numerous factors influence blood pressure, including physiological factors such as cardiac output, and blood volume, and personal factors like age, lifestyle, etc.

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

44
Q

_____ pressure - ventricular contraction

A

Systolic

44
Q

______ pressure - ventricular relaxation

A

Diastolic

45
Q

When the pumping action of the heart is weak, less blood is pumped into the arteries (lower cardiac output), and the blood pressure decreases

When the heart’s pumping action is strong and the volume of blood pumped into the circulation increases (higher cardiac output), the blood pressure increases.

A

PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART

45
Q

_______ - the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Pulse pressure

46
Q

The volume of the blood that is pumped from the heart in 1 minute (about 5.6L)

The cardiac output increases as a result of an increase in heart rate, heart contractility, and circulating blood volume. Therefore, when the heart contractility or the circulating blood volume increases, we expect an increase in the cardiac output.

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

47
Q

true or false

The cardiac output is indirectly proportional to the heart rate, heart contractility, and circulating blood volume.

A

false

The cardiac output is directly proportional to the heart rate, heart contractility, and circulating blood volume.

47
Q

The amount of blood within the intravascular compartment.

A

BLOOD VOLUME

48
Q

Therefore the blood volume is _____ proportional to the circulating blood volume.

A

directly

49
Q

Amount of friction between blood flow and vessel walls.

A

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE

50
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • Older people have higher blood pressure due to decreased elasticity of blood vessels
A

Age

51
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • Physical activity increases the cardiac output and hence the blood pressure
A

Activity / Exercise

52
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE
- Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system increases the blood pressure reading

A

Stress

53
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • African Americans over 35 years tend to have higher blood pressures than European Americans of the same age
A

Ethnicity / Race

54
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • pain, anxiety, and fear stimulate the sympathetic nervous system causing BP to rise. A full bladder can increase sympathetic stimulation, elevating BP.
A

Sympathetic stimulation

55
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • After puberty, females usually have lower blood pressure than males of the same age; this difference is thought to be due to hormonal variations. After menopause, women generally have higher blood pressure than before.
A

Sex

56
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • Many medications, including caffeine, may increase or decrease the blood pressure
A

Medications

57
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

  • Both childhood and adult obesity predisposed to hypertension
A

Weight / Obesity

58
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE
- a diet low in sodium and high in potassium can reduce BP. vegetarian diets and limited alcohol consumption (lower than two drinks per day for men and one per day for women) are associated with low BP.

A

Diet

59
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE
- results in vasoconstriction, a narrowing of blood vessels.

A

Smoking

60
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE
- Pressure is usually lowest early in the morning when the metabolic rate is lowest, then rises throughout the day and peaks in the late afternoon or early evening.

A

Diurnal variations

61
Q

TYPE OF PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE

    • Any conditions affecting the cardiac output, blood volume, blood viscosity, and/or complaint of the arteries have a direct effect on the blood pressure.
A

Medical conditions

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In assessing blood pressure, you can use lower arm, upper arm, thigh, leg

A

true

63
Q

in taking BP, if the arm is positioned above heart level, the reading will be:

A

falsely low BP

63
Q

in taking BP, if the arm is positioned below heart level, the reading will be:

A

falsely high BP

64
Q

The _______ are generated when the blood pressure changes the flow of blood through the artery.

A

Korotkoff sounds

65
Q

These sounds are heard through the stethoscope or a Doppler placed distal to the blood pressure.

A

Korotkoff sounds

66
Q

Phase _: A sharp thump

A

1

66
Q

Phase _: a crisp intense tapping

A

3

67
Q

Phase _: a blowing or whooshing sound

A

2

68
Q

Bladder cuff too narrow =

A

Erroneously high

69
Q

Phase _: a softer blowing sound that fades

A

4

70
Q

Phase _: Silence

A

5

71
Q

Bladder cuff too wide =

A

Erroneously low

72
Q

Arm unsupported=

A

Erroneously high

73
Q

Insufficient rest before the assessment=

A

Erroneously high

74
Q

Repeating assessment to quickly =

A

Erroneously high systolic or low diastolic readings

75
Q

Cuff wrapped too loosely or unevenly

A

Erroneously high

76
Q

Defaulting cuff too quickly

A

Erroneously low systolic or high diastolic readings

76
Q

Deflating cuff too slowly

A

Erroneously high diastolic reading

76
Q

Failure to use the same arm consistently

A

Inconsistent measurements

77
Q

Arm above level of the heart

A

Erroneously low

78
Q

An arterial blood oxygen saturation level provides vital information about the person’s cardiopulmonary status and is now considered as one of the vital signs

A

OXYGEN SATURATION

78
Q

An unpleasant and highly personal experience that may be imperceptible to others while consuming all parts of the person’s life.

A

PAIN

79
Q

Assessing immediately after a meal or while client smokes or has pain

A

Erroneously high

79
Q

Failure to identify auscultatory gap

A

Erroneously low systolic pressure and erroneously low diastolic pressure

80
Q

Oxygen entering the body binds with hemoglobin in the RBC and is transported via the circulation to your body cells.

A

OXYGEN SATURATION

80
Q

A _____ is a noninvasive device that estimates a client’s arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) by means of a sensor attached to the client’s finger

A

pulse oximeter

ihc - chloe (7 decks)

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