MENTAL HEALTH Flashcards
● State of wellbeing in which every individual realized his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community
MENTAL HEALTH
Was established to enhance the delivery of mental health services and to promote and protect the rights of the Filipinos utilizing psychiatric, neurologic and psychosocial health services.
MENTAL HEALTH ACT & UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE LAW
a. Entail that a child was deprived of material things (food, shelter) or can also be things like love, care
Early deprivation or trauma
Also referred to as psychopathology (literally means pathology of the mind) is the study of abnormal behavior
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL HEALTH (3)
- Early deprivation or trauma
- Inadequate parenting
- Inadequate and irrational
communication in the family
The scientific study of the mental pathology that underlies the symptomatology of psychiatric diseases. It is general when the symptoms studies are common to a number of diseases; and special, when the symptoms studies are idiopathic to particular diseases.
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
● Result of divine intervention (di ka daw kasi mabait, masama kang tao, may ginawa kang di maganda and pinarusahan ka ni lord)
Supernatural model
THIS PERSON Rejected possession
Paracelus
Suggested that the movement of
the moon and the stars have an
effect on human behavior
○ Coined the term “lunatic”
○ Not well researched
Paracelus
○ Father of modern medicine
Hippocrates:
Suggested that psychological
disorders can be treated like other
diseases
○ Can be caused by trauma or
genetics.
Hippocrates
○ Disease as a unitary concept: no distinction between mental and physical disease
○ All problems are caused by imbalance in the body
Galen’s 4 humors:
Four humors:
■ Blood
■ Black bile
■ Yellow bile
■ Phlegm
proponent of this:
○ Causes of maladaptive behavior:
■ Social and cultural
influences
■ Learning that took place in
that environment
○ Precursor to modern psychosocial approaches
Plato
○ 19th century psychosocial
approach to mental disorders
Moral therapy
○ Suggested to his patients that
their problem was caused by an
undetectable fluid found in all
living organisms called ‘animal
magnetism’ which could become
blocked.
anton mesmer
● A broad concept that is roughly equivalent to mental health.
NORMALITY
Behavior that is socially acceptable to the standards of society
NORMAL BEHAVIOR
CRITERIA FOR NORMALITY
Average
social conformity
Personal comfort
- the view that there are no universal standards or rules labeling a behavior as abnormal. Behaviors can only be considered abnormal based on or relative to cultural norms.
Cultural relativism
- behaviors which are considered unusual or deviant are considered as abnormal behaviors. This is ties to cultural relativism since the culture dictates what is usual or unusual
Unusualness
- behaviors should be considered abnormal only if the individual suffers from distress and wishes to be rid of the behaviors
Distress
- behaviors are not considered abnormal unless they are a part of a mental illness.
Mental illness
FOUR D’s OF ABNORMALITY
● Dysfunction
● Distress
● Deviance
● Dangerousness
FOUR D’s OF ABNORMALITY
○ When a person is going through a
mental illness, he isn’t able to do
the basic things he has to do
Dysfunction
FOUR D’s OF ABNORMALITY
○ Extreme anxiety
Distress
DETERMINANTS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (3)
● Biological determinants of behavior
● Psychological determinants of behavior
● Socio-cultural determinants of behavior
FOUR D’s OF ABNORMALITY
○ Being different from other people
Deviance
○ Can be predisposing or
precipitating factor
○ Genes, physiological changes
Biological determinants of behavior
● A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functions.
MENTAL DISORDER
FOUR D’s OF ABNORMALITY
○ When they impose harm
Dangerousness
○ Can be predisposing or
precipitating factor
○ Trauma or experiences that are severely negative
Psychological determinants of behavior
○ Considered as precipating factor
○ Things we consider in the
environment or the present.
Socio-cultural determinants of behavior
A factor that makes someone prone or susceptible to a certain pathology
(things that happened in the past)
Predisposing factors
- does not come out at an early stage, only when triggered
Remote effect
Factors that trigger the onset of a certain disorder
Immediate effect (present)
Precipitating factors
behavior, thoughts, and feelings are one or more following:
● Somewhat unusual for
the social
context
● Distressing
to the
individual
● Interfering
with social or occupational functioning
● Dangerous
Socially established division between normal and abnormal
behavior, thoughts, and feelings are the following:
● Typical for the social
context
● Not
distressing to
the individual
● Not
interfering with social life or work/school
● Not dangerous
Normal
college
students who are often unsure and self-critical, occasionally abuse prescription drugs, fail some courses, and avoid friends who disapprove of their drug use
Socially established division between normal and abnormal
College students who are hopeless about the future, are self-loathing, chronically abuse drugs, fail courses, and have alienated all their friends
abnormal
College students who are self-confident and happy, perform to their capacity in school, and have good friends
normal
Different from panic attack, panic attack is just one episode while this is continuous.
c. Starts with one panic attack, worries about having another one, ends with one.
d. These are random as opposed to someone who has a panic attack because it was triggered
- Panic Disorder
a. Mostly experienced by children
b. A child who is separated from a
primary caregiver feels anxious because their needs are not secured.
c. Person who thinks that he or she is vulnerable without their primary caregiver.
Separation anxiety
a. Also referred to as social phobia
b. Afraid to interact with other people
c. People with this usually fear what
other people will say about them.
social anxiety Disorder
a. The common phobias: animal, situation, injections, blood, close spaces, fear of water
b. Intense and irrational
c. Usually causes physical
manifestations
Specific phobia
a. One of the most common
b. Requires one major depressive
episode and would mean that a person experiences demotivation, weight loss, weight gain, etc
Major depressive Disorders
a. Referred to as free floating anxiety
b. Anything can trigger anxiety for a
person
c. They can be anxious about
anything.
Generalized anxiety Disorder
a. Resembles schizophrenia (nababaliw or nawawala sa sarili)
b. They are still functioning but don’t like social interaction and tend to isolate themselves.
c. Incapable of having relationships no matter how casual it is
schizotypal personality
behavior, thoughts, and feelings are one or more following:
● Highly unusual for
the social
context
● The source
of significant individual distress
● Significantly interfering
with social or occupational functioning
● Highly dangerous to
the individual or others
Abnormal
a. Lasts for a long time, unlike major depressive that can be treated with intervention
b. Here the qualifier is 2 years of manifestation of symptoms
c. Mas chronic
Dysthymic Disorder (persistent depressive disorder)
a. Manic and depressive
b. There are times that they are
active and then depressed
Bipolar I Disorder
a. Manic and hypomanic
b. Super productive and aggressive
and careless and impulsive and
then they can be i
c. A person can be not productive or
aggressive, careless and impulsive
or they can be productive
d. No depressive factor
Bipolar II Disorder
Manifest symptoms of mood disorder for years
More than 6 months
Common temporal criteria or months they need to meet is 6 months. After 6 months, then it is psychological disorder na.
If it’s just a month, it’s less likely that they are diagnosed with a psychological disorder.
Cyclothymic Disorder
a. Also called as dissociative amnesia with travel
b. The person has a tendency to assume a different identity in a different place.
c. A person finds themselves in a place and they have no idea why they are there or how they got there
Dissociative Fugue
.
a. There are only certain parts in an individual’s life which they remember.
b. The ones they forget are probably severely traumatic because it is very harmful for their mental well being
c. Unconsciously, they forget these things.
Dissociative amnesia
a. Beliefs of a person that is not real and has no basis.
b. ‘Delulu’ is the idea that the more you think about it, the more it manifests but in this disorder a person has this strong belief in something.
c. Your life revolves on something that is not real.
Delusional Disorder
a. A person assumes a new identity to protect their ego
b. This happens for people who experiences severely traumatic experiences
c. Before was called multiple personality disorders, changed because hindi lang personality ang nagbabago kundi their whole identity.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
a. Similar with schizophrenia but it doesn’t last a long time
b. Just a few days or a few hours
Brief psychotic Disorder
a. Resembles schizophrenia (nababaliw or nawawala sa sarili)
b. Schizophrenia but with emotions
c. Most people with schizophrenia are non-affect which means they don’t mean emotions or express emotions, here it has intense emotions
Schizoaffective Disorder
a. Resembles schizophrenia (nababaliw or nawawala sa sarili)
b. A budget schizophrenia
c. Andun yung symptoms pero mas
maikli yung manifestation and the person doesn’t know they manifest it
Schizophreniform Disorder
○ Nursing graduates
○ Advanced training in psychiatry
○ Marriage and family therapists
○ Master’s degree in counseling
training
Specialized practice in psychiatry
psychiatric nurses
a. Some drugs can cause a person to have a psychological disorder
It can also cause a person to behave abnormally. This is why we see on the news some people that do illegal things because they were on drugs or were drinkin
Substance/Medication-induced Psychotic Disorder
○ PhD in psychology
○ PsyD Psychiatrists (no programs
like this in the Philippines)
Clinical and counseling psychologists
○ Psychiatric social worker
○ Master’s degree in social work
MD with psychiatry residency
