first quiz pt 2 Flashcards
MODELS OF HEALTH & ILLNESS (9)
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HI
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HP
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HH
1 - CLINICAL MODEL
2 - ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
3 - ADAPTIVE MODEL
4 - AGENT-HOST-ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL
5 - HEALTH-ILLNESS CONTINUUM
6 - HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
7 - HEALTH PROMOTIONAL MODEL
8 - BASIC HUMAN NEEDS MODEL
9 - HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL
The narrowest interpretation of health
Health is considered as the state of not being sick
In this model, the opposite of health is disease or injury
1 - CLINICAL MODEL
Health is defined in terms of the individual’s ability to fulfill societal roles, that is to perform their work.
People who can fulfill their roles are healthy even if they have clinical illness.
2 - ROLE PERFORMANCE MODEL
Health is a creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation.
Aim of treatment: to restore the ability of the person to adapt, that is to cope.
3 - ADAPTIVE MODEL
Also called ‘ecologic model’, originated in the community health work of Leavell & Clark (1965)
This means health is not static, it is dynamic.
for a disease to occur, you have these 3 parameters. Within the interaction of these 3, a disease could happen.
4 - AGENT-HOST-ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL
Grids or graduates scales that can be used to measure a person’s perceived level of wellness.
Health and illness or disease can be viewed as the opposite of the health continuum
5 - HEALTH-ILLNESS CONTINUUM
2 types of HEALTH-ILLNESS CONTINUUM
Dunn’s High Level Wellness Grid
Travis’ Illness Wellness Continuum
a health guide in which a health axis and environmental axis intersect.
Dunn’s High Level Wellness Grid
4 parts of Dunn’s High Level Wellness Grid
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P
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PROTECTED POOR HEALTH
HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
POOR HEALTH
EMERGENT HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
People who do not live a healthy lifestyle but live in a favorable environment. For example, you are diagnosed with something but you do not do anything to improve your lifestyle.
PROTECTED POOR HEALTH
Presents a person that is physically, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually healthy and has the means to access healthcare.
HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
individual suffering with an illness and is not in a favorable environment. They also do not have access to the healthcare system and do not practice a healthy lifestyle. Examples are people who live in third world countries and those that do not have the means.
POOR HEALTH
If you are diagnosed with hypertension, but the thing is even if you take medication and you don’t practice a healthy lifestyle then you won’t reach maximum health. the person is doing something that hinders them form reaching the highest wellness.
EMERGENT HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
Developed an illness-wellness continuum that ranges from high-level wellness to premature death
It is a continuum because it is a continuous process.
Travis’ Illness Wellness Continuum
People are most likely to take preventive action if they perceive the threat of health risk to be serious, if they feel they are personally susceptible, and if there are fewer costs than benefits to engaging in in it.
6 - HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
3 parts of HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
Individual perceptions
Modifying factors
likelihood of action
This is what your understanding of the disease is
Individual perceptions -
- perceiving the threat of the disease
Modifying factors
Perceived benefits of preventive action MINUS perceived barriers to preventive action
Likelihood of action
Developed by Dr. Nola bender
Defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of a disease
7 - HEALTH PROMOTIONAL MODEL
the HEALTH PROMOTIONAL MODEL focuses on three areas:
Individual characteristics
Behavior-specific cognitions and affect
Behavioral outcome
Helps understand an individual’s motivation to achieve optimal health. This model explains the basic needs of patients and families, their behaviors, and their readiness to take part in health activities.
8 - BASIC HUMAN NEEDS MODEL
who made the BASIC HUMAN NEEDS MODEL
maslow (1970)
maslow added 3 other things to his model, what r these
cognitive needs
aesthetic needs
transcendence needs
Comes in between self esteem and self actualization
These are hard wired in all of us, it is inherited.
Include the needs for knowledge, understanding, meaning, and predictability.
The things we know and understand
Cognitive needs
Comes in between self esteem and self actualization
These are universal, it includes appreciation
More of being appreciative
Aesthetic needs
Refers to the need to help others reach self actualization
You don’t think of yourself lang, you also help others transcend and meet their dreams.
Transcendence needs
model:
A person’s health is affected by the relationship between the body, mind, and spirit.
The intent is to empower patients to engage in their own recovery and assume some responsibility for health maintenance (Edelman et al., 2014)
Everything needs to be considered
9 - HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL
STAGE
Relinquish normal roles
Requests provisional validation for sick role form lay persons, continue lay remedies
STAGE 2:
Assumption of the sick role
STAGE:
Something is wrong
Application of folk medicine, self-medication
You have sakit but you don’t know, you just know there’s something wrong
STAGE 1: Symptom experiences
STAGES OF ILLNESS (5)
STAGE 1:
Symptom experiences
STAGE 2:
Assumption of the sick role
STAGE 3: Medical care contact
STAGE 4: Dependent patient role
STAGE 5: Recovery and rehabilitation
stage:
Seek professional help
‘
You visit the doctors
Seeking authoritative legitimation for sick role, negotiate treatment procedures
STAGE 3: Medical care contact
stage:
Accept professional treatment
Undergo treatment procedures for illness, follow regimen
STAGE 4: Dependent patient role
stage:
Resume normal roles
If the condition entails disability, it is hard to go through this
If it entails rehabilitation like PT or OT, it is also hard to go through this
STAGE 5: Recovery and rehabilitation
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
(3)
primary
secondary
tertiary
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Activities that are directed at preventing a problem before it occurs. This includes altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals in the period of prepathogenesis.
1
PRIMARY
Primary preventions consist of two categories:
General health promotion: good nutrition, adequate shelter, rest, and exercise
Specific protection: immunization, water purification
Early detection of and prompt intervention for a disease or health threat during the period of early pathogenesis. Screening for disease and prompt referral and treatment are secondary prevention.
SECONDARY
Screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms
secondary
Managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression through measures such as chemotherapy, rehabilitation, and screening for complications
TERTIARY
Involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at improving their functional ability, quality of life, and life expectancy
3
TERTIARY
