CHAIN OF INFECTION Flashcards
6 steps of chain of infection
EA
R
PE
MT
PE
SH
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
RESERVOIR
PORTAL OF EXIT
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
PORTAL OF ENTRY
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
Disease-causing microorganisms including bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites.
All of these will cause a disease it only differs in the severity, symptoms, and frequency
1 - ETIOLOGIC AGENT
A place where a microorganism survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host
Dito siya nakatira, not just human
- Humans, animals, inanimate objects, plants, general environment like air, water, and soil
RESERVOIR
After microorganisms find a site to grow and multiply, they need ot find a portal of exit if they are to enter another host and cause disease
— Sputum, emesis (vomit), stool, blood
PORTAL OF EXIT
3 TYPES OF MODE OF TRANSMISSION
CONTACT TRANSMISSION
AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
DROPLET TRANSMISSION
2 TYPES OF INDIRECT TRANSMISSION
VEHICLE BORNE
VECTOR BORNE
2 TYPES OF CONTACT TRANSMISSION
INDIRECT AND DIRECT
these are examples of what type of contact transmission?
Colonization or infection with a multidrug-resistant organism
contact transmission
involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse
DIRECT CONTACT
Enteric infections such as Clostridium difficile
contact transmission
Respiratory infections such as respiratory syncytial virus
contact transmission
H1N1 influenza: infection can occur by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching the mouth or nose
Wound infections
contact transmission
Skin infections, such as cutaneous diphtheria, herpes simplex, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies, staphylococci and varicella zoster
Eye infection such as conjunctivitis
contact transmission
type of transmission
Hindi siya diretso sa pagpass
Here there is something or someone bringing it
indirect transmisison
Any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable port of entry.
Fomites (inanimate materials or objects), such as handkerchiefs, toys, soiled clothes, cooking or eating utensils, and surgical instruments or dressings, can act as a vehicle
VEHICLE BORNE TRANSMISSION
A vector is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent
VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION
Transmission may occur by injecting salivary fluid during biting or by depositing feces or other materials on the skin through the bite wound or a traumatized skin area.
Through injecting salivary fluid or through bites
VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION
what transmission
EXAMPLES:
Leptospirosis: rats
Schistosomiasis: worms
Shellfish poisoning: shellfish
Filariasis: mosquito
Dengue: mosquito
Malaria: mosquito
vector borne transmission (indirect contact transmission)
what is the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host such as someone with TB and can remain in the air for long periods
Droplet nuclei,
Involves droplets or dust
Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles
2 - AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
EXAMPLES:
Measles
Chickenpox (varicella)
Disseminated varicella zoster
Tuberculosis
what transmission
airborne transmission
examples of what transmission
Adenovirus
Diphtheria
Epiglottitis
Influence, h1n1 influenza
Meningitis
droplet transmission
Before a person can be infected, microorganisms must enter the:
- Mucous membrane
- Non-intact skin
- GI tract
- GU tract
- Respiratory tract
Kung saan ang portal of exit pwede din itong —-?
portal of entry
any person who is at risk for infection
susceptible host
The infectious process is as follows:
I
P
I
C
incubation period
prodromal stage
illness stage
convalescent stage
Interval between the entrance of pathogens into body and appearance of the first symptoms
Incubation period
Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, low grade fever, fatigue,) to more specific symptoms
Prodromal stage
Interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection
Illness stage
Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear
Length of recovery depends on the severity of infection and patients host resistance and recovery may take several days to months
Convalescent stage
