Quiz #1 Flashcards
Prefix meaning “Joint”
Arthr/o-
Prefix meaning “Two”
Bi-
Prefix meaning “Arm”
Brachi/o-
Prefix meaning “Tail”
Caud/o-
Prefix meaning “Head”
Cephal/o-
Prefix meaning “Cartilage”
Chondr/o-
Prefix meaning “Around”
Circum-
Prefix meaning “Above/upon”
Epi-
Prefix meaning “Face”
Faci/o-
Prefix meaning “Fascia”
Fasci/o-
Prefix meaning “Excessive/above normal”
Hyper-
Prefix meaning “Below/under/deficient”
Hypo-
Prefix meaning “Lower/below”
Infer/o- or Infra-
Prefix meaning “Between”
Inter-
Prefix meaning “In/within”
Intra-
Prefix meaning “Same/equal”
Iso-
Prefix meaning “Measure”
Metr/o-
Prefix meaning “Muscle”
Myo-
Prefix meaning “Nose”
Nas/o-
Prefix meaning “Nerve”
Neur/o-
Prefix meaning “Eye”
Ocul/o-
Prefix meaning “Bone”
Oste/o-
Prefix meaning “Through”
Per-
Prefix meaning “Around”
Peri-
Prefix meaning “Many/much”
Poly-
Prefix meaning “Vertebrae”
Spondyl/o-
Prefix meaning “Upper/above”
Super/o-
Prefix meaning “Above/excessive/superior”
Supra-
Prefix meaning “Across/through”
Trans-
Prefix meaning “Three”
Tri-
Prefix meaning “One”
Uni-
Suffix meaning “Head”
-ceps
Suffix meaning “Inflammation”
-itis
Suffix meaning “The study of”
-ology
Suffix meaning “Resembling”
-oid
The study of bones
Osteology
The study of joints
Arthrology
The study of muscles and muscle tissue
Myology
The study of nerves
Neurology
Describe anatomical position
Standing with feet parallel, arms to the side, palms forward, fingers to the floor, face forward.
Directional terminology referring to a structure that is closer to the head or higher than another structure
Superior (cranial)
Directional terminology referring to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure
Inferior (caudal)
Directional terminology referring to a structure that is more ‘in front’ than another structure
Anterior (abbr. ant) (also ventral, palmar, volar)
Directional terminology referring to a structure that is more ‘in back’ than another structure
Posterior (abbr. post) (also dorsal/dorsum)
Directional terminology referring to a structure that is closer to the mid-sagittal plane than another structure
Medial
Directional terminology referring to a structure that is farther away from the mid-sagittal plane than another structure
Lateral
Directional terminology that refers to a structure that is closest to its source – primarily used in reference to the limbs (it refers to a structure that is closer to the root of the limb than another structure in the limb)
Proximal
Directional terminology that refers to a structure that is farther away from its source – primarily used in reference to the limbs (it refers to a structure that is farther away from the root of the limb than another structure in the limb)
Distal
Directional terminology that refers to a structure that is closer to the surface of the body
Superficial
Directional terminology that refers to a structure that is farther from the surface of the body
Deep
Directional terminology that refers to the same side as the reference point
Ipsilateral
Directional terminology that refers to the opposite side as the reference point
Contralateral
a small rounded projection/process/eminence
tubercle
a large rounded projection/process/eminence
tuberosity
a very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)
trochanter
a narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest
line
a sharp, slender, often pointed projection
spine
a raised area on or above a condyle
epicondyle
an arm-like bar of bone
ramus
the principle mass of a structure
body
location at which 2 or more bones make contact
articulation
a rounded articular projection
condyle
a bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
head
a smooth, nearly flat articular surface
facet
a canal-like passageway
meatus
a cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane
Sinus
a shallow depression or hollow generally in a bone
Fossa
a furrow in a bone
Groove
a narrow, slit-like opening
fissure
a round/oval opening through a bone
foramen
an indentation in a bone
notch
the area between the greater trochanter and the iliac crest
hip
the area between the greater trochanter and the knee
thigh
the segment of the inferior limb between the knee and the ankle (commonly used to mean the entire lower limb)
leg
this structure meaning ‘basin’ protects the internal organs, transmits forces from the upper body onto the lower limb, and absorbs forces from lower limb
the pelvis
name the bones contained within the pelvis
the hip bones, the sacrum, the coccyx
the wedge-shaped bone between the 2 hip bones
sacrum
another word for the tailbone
coccyx
name the three regions of each hip bone
ilium, ischium, pubis
the large superior part of the hip bone constituting 2/3rds of the bone
ilium
the posterior, inferior part of the hip bone
ischium
the anterior, inferior part of the hip bone
pubis
name the three structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen
Piriformis, Sciatic nerve, Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
which ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen
sacrospinous ligament
the junction of the ischium-pubis, partly covered by connective tissue membrane, this opening allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through
obturator foramen
the boundary between the lower limb and the abdomen, connecting to the ASIS and the pubic tubercle
the inguinal ligament
The longest and heaviest bone in the human body, also called upper leg bone
the femur
line that runs through the middle of the anterior gluteal surface of the ilium
anterior gluteal line
line that runs along the bottom of the anterior gluteal surface of the ilium
inferior gluteal line
line that runs along the back section of the anterior gluteal surface of the ilium
posterior gluteal line
the most superior ridge of the posterior section of the ilium
PSIS (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine)
the ridge that sits inferior to the PSIS
PIIS (Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
the area between the PIIS and the ischial spine
greater sciatic notch
portion of the ischium anterior to the lesser sciatic notch
ischial body
portion of the ilium superior to the ischial body
ilial body
portion of the ischium between the ischial body and the ischial ramus, also called sit bone
ischial tuberosity
Part of the ischium that connects to the inferior pubic ramus
ramus of ischium
Part of the pubis between the inferior and superior pubic ramus
Pubic tuburcle
bar of bone that constitutes the top of the pubis
superior pubic ramus
the junction of the ilium-ischium-pubis, this is the place where the thigh bone (head of the femur) articulates with the pelvis.
acetabulum
part of the ilium that that is anterior and superior to the acetabulum
AIIS (Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
part of the ilium that that is superior to the AIIS
ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
ridge that runs along the superior section of the ilium
Iliac crest
part of the iliac crest 5 cm posterior to the ASIS
Iliac tubercle
the large, smooth area on the medial surface of the ilium
iliac fossa
the part of the medial surface of the ilium closest to the superior pubic ramus
iliopublic eminence
ridge of bone that runs from the superior pubic ramus to the pubic tubercle
Pecten pubis
part of the ischium interior to the greater sciatic notch
ischial spine
this part of the ilium is ear-shaped and articulates with the sacrum
the articular surface of the ilium
the large bumpy part of the femur, medial to the head. widest part of the lower limb
greater trochanter
superior to the lateral condyle on the lateral side of the femur
lateral epicondyle
inferior to the lateral epicondyle
lateral condyle
part of the femur between the lateral and medial condyles on anterior side
patellar surface (trochlear groove)
inferior to the medial epicondyle
medial condyle
superior to the medial condyle on the medial side of the femur
medial epicondyle
superior to the medial epicondyle
abductor tuburcle
line that runs from the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
superior to the body of the femur on the medial side
lesser trochanter
part of the head of the femur where ligament attaches
fovea
part of the femur that faces medially, superiorly, anteriorly and articulates with the acetabulum
head
part of the femur that joins the head to the greater trochanter
neck
posterior ridge between the trochanter and the neck of the femur
intertrochanteric crest
prominence on the medial body of the femur, inferior to the greater trochanter
gluteal tuberosity
a rough ridge with two lips (medial and lateral) on the posterior surface of the femur
linea aspera
part of the femur between the lateral and medial condyles on posterior side
Intercondylar fossa
an imaginary line ALONG which a movement takes place
plane
runs vertically in an anterior/posterior direction and divides the body equally into right and left portions
mid-sagittal (median) plane
the name for any plane that is parallel to the mid-sagittal plane
a sagittal plane
plane that runs vertically in a medial/lateral direction and divides the part of the body into anterior and posterior portions
frontal/coronal plane
plane that runs horizontally and divides the part of the body into superior and inferior portions
transverse/horizontal plane
An imaginary line AROUND which a movement takes place
axis
an imaginary line around which movements occur in the horizontal plane
vertical (longitudinal) axis
an imaginary line around which movements occur in the sagittal/mid-sagittal plane
medial-lateral (M-L) axis
an imaginary line around which movements occur in the frontal plane
anterior-posterior (A-P) axis
Movements in the sagittal plane happen around this axis
medial - lateral axis
Movements in the coronal/frontal plane happen around this axis
anterior - posterior axis.
Movements in the transverse plane happen around a this axis
vertical axis
T/F: movements reference anatomical position, and don’t change if the person is standing, lying supine or prone
True
a movement in the sagittal plane around a medial - lateral axis that moves the part of the body anteriorly from anatomical position, or bends the joint/decreases the angle between body parts
flexion
when the lower limb moves posteriorly from anatomical position, this is called
flexion
a movement along the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis that moves the part of the body posteriorly from anatomical position
extension
a movement along the sagittal plane around a medial-lateral axis that straightens the joint or increases the angle between body parts
extension
A movement along the frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis that moves the body part away from the median plane
abduction
abduction from a flexed position is called
horizontal abduction
is a movement along the frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis that moves the body part towards the median plane
adduction
adduction from a flexed position is called
horizontal adduction
is a movement along the transverse plane around a vertical axis that moves the body part outwards
external rotation
is a movement along the transverse plane around a vertical axis that moves the body part inwards
internal rotation
where is the point of reference when discussing the rotation of the spine from left/right?
the front of the spine
places where where 2 (or more) separate bones connect, designed for movement
joints
joints with one axis of movement
uniaxial
joints with two axis of movement
biaxial
joints with multiple axis of movement
multiaxial
type of fibrous joint that only occurs in the skull, limited movement
sutures
joint in which a sheet of fibrous tissue connects bones e.g. forearm bones – lots of space between the bones therefore lots of movement
syndesmosis
joint is connected by cartilage or a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue, eg pubic synthesis, ribs to breastbone
cartilaginous
most common joint type, contains a cavity, articular cartilage, and a joint capsule (6 types)
synovial
biaxial type of synovial joint that allows flexion/extension and abduction/adduction (and circumduction)
e.g. knuckles
condyloid
Biaxial type of synovial joint in which concave and convex surfaces articulate with each other
e.g. thumb
saddle
Multiaxial type of synovial joint int which spheroidal surface articulates with socket of other surface
e.g. hip
ball and socket
Synovial joint which accommodates gliding or sliding movements. joint surfaces are flat or almost flat, most are uniaxial
e.g. carpals
plane
uniaxial type of synovial joint for rotation, where a rounded process rotates within a sleeve or ring
e.g. C1-C2
pivot
uniaxial type of synovial joint that accommodates flexion and extension only
e.g. humeroulnar joint
hinge
sacs filled with synovial fluid that decrease the friction generated by the motion of one tissue over another. Located between: tendons and bony prominences, tendons and other tendons, bone and overlying skin
Bursa
these connect bone to bone and prevent excessive movement in a specified direction
ligaments
joint position in which the ligaments and joint capsule are tight and the joint has maximal articular surface contact
Increase in stability, decrease in mobility
Close-packed position
Joint position in which the ligaments and joint capsule are loose and the joint has maximal space and available movement. Decrease in stability, increase in mobility
Loose-packed position
