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T1 Anatomy > Anatomy Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which directions does the head of the femur project?

A

medially, superiorly, and anteriorly

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2
Q

Which directions does the acetabulum project?

A

laterally, inferiorly, and anteriorly

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3
Q

Which motions are available at the hip?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

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4
Q

What shape is the articular surface of the acetabulum

A

Horseshoe-shaped

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5
Q

The head of the femur and the horseshoe shaped part of the acetabulum are covered with what?

A

Articular cartilage

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6
Q

What connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum?

A

Ligament of the head of the femur (a.k.a. ligamentum teres, round ligament, foveal ligament)

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7
Q

Name the fibrocartilagenous lip that attaches to the bony rim of the acetabulum and deepens the acetabulum (make the ‘socket’ a deeper socket)

A

Acetabular labrum

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8
Q

What lies in the centre of the acetabulum, and is occupied by a fat pad covered with synovium.

A

Acetabular fossa

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9
Q

What lies between the two ends of the horseshoe of the acetabulum to allow passage for blood vessels?

A

Acetabular notch

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10
Q

What connects (closes) the acetabular notch?

A

Transverse ligament of the acetabulum

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11
Q

Extension/hyperextension tightens the capsular ligaments of the hip, making extension part of the __________________ and a position of stability in an upright posture

A

Close-packed position

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12
Q

Which ligament attaches at AIIS, acetabular rim ⬄ intertrochanteric line of the femur, and checks extension, abduction, lateral rotation?

A

Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament)

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13
Q

Which ligament attaches at superior pubic ramus ⬄ iliofemoral ligament, and checks abduction?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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14
Q

Which ligament attaches attaches at the ischial part of the acetabular rim ⬄ femoral neck and medial greater trochanter, and checks hyperextension?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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15
Q

Where is the trochanteric bursa?

A

between the gluteus maximus muscle and the (postero-lateral) greater trochanter.

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16
Q

Where is the ischiogluteal bursa?

A

overlying the ischial tuberosity

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17
Q

Weaver’s bottom (people weaving would have to extend one leg forward then the other) is a layman’s term for this condition

A

Ischiogluteal Bursitis

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18
Q

Where is the iliopectineal bursa?

A

Between the iliopsoas muscle and the iliopubic eminence.

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19
Q

What part of the femur has both a superficial and deep bursa?

A

The greater trochanter

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20
Q

What is between the inferior and superior pubic ligaments?

A

The pubic symphysis

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21
Q

What types of joint is the SI joint?

A

Synovial (very strong— high stability, low mobility)

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22
Q

Which ligaments, besides the pubic symphysis, progressively relax during pregnancy to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal?

A

The vertebropelvic ligaments

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23
Q

Which ligament attaches from L4 & L5 to the posterior iliac crest, is a key stabilizer of L5, and limits/checks/restricts lateral flexion?

A

The iliolumbar ligament

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24
Q

Which ligament attaches from the posterior surface of the sacrum/coccyx to the ischial tuberosity, stabilizes the SI joint and provides a surface attachment for gluteus maximus?

A

The sacrotuberous ligament

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25
Q

Which ligament attaches from the lateral sacrum/coccyx to the ischial spine and converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen?

A

The sacrospinous ligament.

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26
Q

___________ connect muscle to bone.

A

Tendons

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27
Q

The connection between a muscle and a tendon is called the_________ junction

A

Musculotendinous junction (MTJ)

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28
Q

The connection between a tendon and a bone is called the _______________ junction

A

Tendoperiosteal (TPJ)

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29
Q

The __________ is the central portion of the muscle (the meat of it)

A

Belly

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30
Q

The __________ is one of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon

A

Head

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31
Q

A sheet-like tendon is called a(n) ____________

A

Aponeurosis

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32
Q

What type of muscle contraction pulls the attachments closer together?

A

Concentric contraction

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33
Q

When a muscle contracts against a resistance and there is no visible change in the muscle length (its attachments are NOT drawn together or pulled apart), it is called a(n)

A

Isometric conraction

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34
Q

When a muscle is generating force but is unable to overcome the force, the muscle will undergo a lengthening or _________ __________

A

Eccentric contraction

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35
Q

When a muscle contracts, the attachment that is fixed is sometimes called the ________

A

Origin

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36
Q

When a muscle contracts, the attachment that is moving is sometimes called the ________

A

Insertion

37
Q

Why are the terms ‘origin’ and ‘insertion’ for muscle movements sometimes confusing?

A

Because the fixed-moving attachments can

change

38
Q

In general, the _________ attachment is assumed to be the fixed attachment and a contraction is assumed to be _________ unless otherwise stated.

A

Fixed, concentric

39
Q

What is the result of contraction of the gluteus medius, assuming the ilium is fixed?

A

Abduction of the femur

40
Q

What is the result of contraction of the gluteus medius if the femur becomes the fixed attachment (i.e. if the person’s weight is on that one side)?

A

Lateral flexion of the pelvis.

41
Q

What do we call the primary muscle causing the desired movement?

A

The prime mover

42
Q

What do we call the muscle that opposes a specific action?

A

The antagonist.

43
Q

What do we call the muscles that stabilize the more proximal joints during actions of the more distal joints?

A

Stabilizers (or fixators)

44
Q

What do we call the muscle(s) that works to assist the prime mover in a given action?

A

Synergists (or neutralizers, or neutralizing synergists)

45
Q

What do we call the connective tissue that invests throughout the thigh and surrounds the thigh muscles in a dense tubular sheath?

A

Fascia lata

46
Q

The very strong part of the fascia lata (which thickens laterally) is called the _________

A

Iliotibial band (IT band)

47
Q

What are the superior and inferior attachments of the IT band?

A

(Superior) the tubercle of the iliac crest

(inferior) Gerty’s tubercle and the patella

48
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the psoas major?

A

The sides of T12 – L4 vertebrae (and the associated intervertebral discs)

49
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the psoas major?

A

The lesser trochanter of the femur

50
Q

When the low back is fixed and the femur is moving, what action does the psoas major produce?

A

Flexion of the hip joint (with iliacus)

51
Q

When the femur is fixed and the low back is moving, what action does the psoas major produce?

A

Flexion of the lumbar spine (low back)

52
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the iliacus?

A

The Iliac fossa

53
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the iliacus?

A

The lesser trochanter

54
Q

When the pelvis is fixed and the femur is moving, what action does the iliacus produce?

A

Flexion of the hip joint (with psoas major)

55
Q

When the femur is fixed and the pelvis is moving, what action does the iliacus produce?

A

Pulls the hip bone anteriorly (anterior pelvic tilt)

56
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the gluteus maximus?

A

External and posterior surface of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

57
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus maximus?

A

3⁄4 of the fibres attach into the iliotibial band, 1⁄4 of the fibres attach to the gluteal tuberosity.

58
Q

What are the three actions of the gluteus maximus?

A

hip joint extension (Prime mover)
hip joint lateral rotation
hip abduction

59
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the gluteus medius?

A

external ilium (anterior 2/3rds)

60
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus medium?

A

lateral surface of the greater trochanter

61
Q

What are the three actions of the gluteus medius?

A

hip joint abduction (Prime mover)
hip joint flexion & medial rotation (anterior fibres)
hip joint extension & lateral rotation (posterior fibres)

62
Q

What condition results from weakness in the gluteus medius?

A

Trendelunburg gait.

63
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the gluteus minimus?

A

External ilium (deep to gluteus medius)

64
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus minimus?

A

Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

65
Q

What are the three actions of the gluteus minimus?

A

hip joint abduction
hip joint flexion
hip joint medial rotation

66
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the tensor fascia lata?

A

outer ASIS

67
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the gluteus minimus?

A

iliotibial band (approximately 1/3rd thigh)

68
Q

What are the three actions of the gluteus minimus?

A

hip joint flexion
hip joint abduction
hip joint medial rotation

69
Q

What are the superior/proximal attachments of the piriformis?

A

Anterior sacrum traveling through the greater sciatic notch

70
Q

What are the inferior/distal attachments of the piriformis?

A

Posteromedial aspect of the greater trochanter

71
Q

What are the three actions of the piriformis?

A

hip joint lateral rotation (in anatomical position)
hip joint medial rotation when the hip is flexed up to approx. 60o
hip joint abduction when the hip is flexed greater than 60o

72
Q

The gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus obturator externus and quadratus femoris all aid in which action?

A

Hip joint lateral rotation.

73
Q

What do we call a bone embedded in a tendon – usually shaped like a sesame seed?

A

Sesamoid

74
Q

Inside the tendon of which muscle is the patella (knee cap) embedded?

A

The rectus femoris (one of the quadriceps)

75
Q

Where do the facets of the patella articulate?

A

The patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

76
Q

Which bone, sometimes called the shin bone, is the primary weight bearing bone of the leg?

A

The tibia

77
Q

Which bone, located beside the tibia, carries 1/6 of the body’s weight?

A

The fibula

78
Q

What are the three articulations of the knee?

A

1) the lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle
2) the medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle
3) the patella articulates with the femur

79
Q

What are the 4 available movements at the knee (tibiofemoral joint)?

A 
● flexion
● extension
● internal rotation (limited)
● external rotation (limited)
*rotation occurs ONLY when the knee is flexed
80
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint (three points)?

A

Synovial, biaxial, modified hinge

81
Q

What type of joint is the patellofemoral joint (two points)?

A

Synovial, plane

82
Q

The patella moves ________ during flexion and _________ during extension

A

Down, up (superolaterally)

83
Q

The lateral femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the medial femoral condyle, which prevents what?

A

The patella from tracking too far laterally (sliding out of place)

84
Q

The lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint is called ________

A

Valgus

85
Q

The medial deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint is called ________

A

Varus

86
Q

Which ligament checks/restricts varus deviation?

A

Lateral collateral ligament (fibular collateral ligament)

87
Q

Which ligament checks/restricts valgus deviation?

A

Medial collateral ligament (tibial collateral ligament)

88
Q

What are the attachment points of the Lateral collateral ligament?

A

lateral epicondyle of the femur ⬄ fibular head

89
Q

What are the attachment points of the medial collateral ligament?

A

medial epicondyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia

T1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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