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T1 Anatomy > Anatomy Quiz #4 > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz #4 Flashcards

1
Q

movement of the forefoot away from the midline of the body (transverse plane, vertical axis)

A

abduction (of the forefoot)

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2
Q

movement of the forefoot towards the midline of the body (transverse plane, vertical axis)

A

adduction (of the forefoot):

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3
Q

a combination movement of dorsiflexion, eversion, forefoot abduction

A

pronation

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4
Q

a combination movement of plantar flexion, inversion, forefoot adduction

A

supination

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5
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

Synovial and plane

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6
Q

What two actions happen at the tibiofibular joint?

A

limited superior and posterior glide (with dorsiflexion)

limited inferior and anterior glide (with plantar flexion)

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7
Q

Name the attachments of the Anterior ligament of the fibular head

A

anterior proximal tibia ⬄ anterior proximal fibula

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8
Q

Name the attachments of the posterior ligament of the fibular head

A

posterior proximal tibia ⬄ posterior proximal fibula

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9
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous

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10
Q

What type of joint is that talocrural joint?

A

synovial, hinge joint

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11
Q

What actions happen at the talocrural joint?

A

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

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12
Q

What happens at the talocrural joint during dorsiflexion with regards to the tibiofibular joint?

A

the talus forces the tibia and fibula apart which affects the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints

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13
Q

Which three bones form the talocrural joint?

A

the distal ends of the tibia and fibula articulate with the trochlea (dome) of the talus

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14
Q

Which four ligaments make up the deltoid ligament?

A

anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar

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15
Q

What are the attachment points of the deltoid ligament?

A

medial malleolus ⬄ tarsal bones of the medial foot

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16
Q

What motion do the deltoid ligaments check?

A

eversion of the ankle

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17
Q

What type of fracture is associated with the deltoid ligaments

A

Avulsion fracture

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18
Q

What motions are checked by the Anterior talofibular ligament?

A

inversion (esp. when ankle is plantar flexed)

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19
Q

most commonly injured ligament in the foot (95% of ankle sprains)

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

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20
Q

How is the Anterior talofibular ligament palpated?

A

The sinus tarsi

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21
Q

What motions are checked by the calcaneofibular ligament?

A

Inversion (when foot is neutral)

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22
Q

Where is the Subcutaneous calcaneal (a.k.a. retrocalcaneal) bursa?

A

between the Achilles tendon and the overlying skin

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23
Q

Where is the Subtendinous calcaneal (a.k.a. retrocalcaneal) bursa?

A

Between the Achilles tendon and the calcaneus

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24
Q

Which bones form the subtalar joint?

A

The inferior aspect of the talus articulates with the superior calcaneus

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25
Q

Which motions are available at the subtalar joint?

A

Inversion and eversion

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26
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

Synovial, plane

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27
Q

What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A

Synovial, ball and socket

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28
Q

Which motions are available at the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A

Inversion and eversion (helps increase the range)

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29
Q

What does the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (aka spring ligament) do?

A

helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch by supporting the head of the talus. If this ligament is stretched, the head of the talus can sink resulting in a flat foot (pes planus)

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30
Q

What kind of joint is the calcaneaocuboid joint?

A

Synovial, plane

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31
Q

What two jobs does the long plantar ligament have?

A

Helps maintain arches of the foot.

Helps to form a tunnel for the tendon of peroneus longus

32
Q

What motions are available at the transverse tarsal joint?

A

inversion
eversion
* also helps increase the inversion/eversion range by allowing abduction and adduction of the forefoot

33
Q

What types of joints are the intertarsal, tarsometatarsal & intermetatarsal joints? Which one has the least movement?

A

Synovial, plane.

Little movement is available at the 2nd tarsometatarsal joint

34
Q

Why is little movement available within the intertarsal, tarsometatarsal & intermetatarsal joints?

A

limited due to the tight binding by the ligaments

the bases of the 2nd through 5th metatarsals are firmly bound by ligaments

35
Q

What types of joints are the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

Synovial, condyloid

36
Q

What motions are available at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

37
Q

The metatarsophalangeal joints are supported by ___________

A

Collateral ligaments

38
Q

The plantar surface of the metatarsophalangeal joint capsules are thickened to form ______________

A

Plantar plates

39
Q

the head of one phalanx articulates with the base of the phalanx distal to it in this type of joint

A

The interphalangeal joints (PIPs and DIPs)

40
Q

Available movements at the interphalangeal joints.

A

flexion, extension

41
Q

The bones of the foot form arches which act as ____________

A

shock absorbers

42
Q

Which four things maintain the arches in our feet:

A

Bones
Ligaments
Fascia (25% of the static, weight-bearing foot)
Muscles (don’t actually do much

43
Q

T/F the medial longitudinal arch doesn’t normally come in contact with the ground.

A

True

44
Q

T/F the medial longitudinal arch is more involved in weight bearing than propulsion

A

False, other way around

45
Q

T/F the lateral longitudinal arch is more involved in weight bearing than propulsion

A

True

46
Q

the thick, central fascia (connective tissue) on the sole of the foot

A

Plantar fascia

47
Q

T/F plantar fascia is actually continuous with the fascia of the calf

A

True

48
Q

As plantar fascia tightens, it pulls the calcaneus anteriorly and elevates the arches putting the foot into a position of supination. This is called the ___________

A

Windlass mechanism

49
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the popliteus?

A

superior/proximal attachment: lateral condyle of the femur

inferior/distal attachment: posterior proximal surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line

50
Q

What two actions are available at the popliteus?

A

flexion of the knee (very weak)

medial rotation of the knee (key)

51
Q

When the knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally (due to the medial condyle being longer) which locks the knee into a more stable position – this is the ____________

A

Screw home mechanism

52
Q

What prevents of the EDL, EHL, and Tib Ant tendons from bowing as the muscles contract

A

the superior extensor and inferior extensor retinacula

53
Q

Where there is the possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula, there is a _____________

A

Tendon sheath

54
Q

Which muscle passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament?

A

Extensor Digitorum Longus

55
Q

Which muscle forms a stirrup with EDL at the base of the 1st MT

A

Tibialis anterior

56
Q

Which is a weak muscle but if it ruptures (often with injury to the Achilles), there can be significant pain?

A

Plantaris

57
Q

Which muscle performs PIP/DIP, MTP flexion of 2nd – 5th digits, and plantar flexion

A

Flexor digitorum longus

58
Q

What forms a tunnel known as the tarsal tunnel?

A

The flexor retinaculum

59
Q

What are some causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Prolonged eversion/pronation, chronic tendonitis, direct trauma

60
Q

There is only 1 intrinsic foot muscle in the dorsum of the foot:

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

61
Q

T/F extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis are essentially the same muscle

A

True

62
Q

The medial 5th toe is extended by this muscle only

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

63
Q

The first layer of foot muscles (most superficial) all attach to

A

the medial process of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

64
Q

Which muscle does abduction of the first toe?

A

Abductor hallucis

65
Q

Which muscle does flexion of the 2-5th toes

A

Flexor digitorum brevis

66
Q

Which muscle does abduction of the 5th toe?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

67
Q

The second layer of muscles on the plantar foot also contains the tendons for:

A

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL)

68
Q

Which foot muscle the pull of the FDL tendons in toe flexion along the long axis of the digits to help to keep the vector more linear?

A

Quadratus plantae

69
Q

Which foot muscle does flexion of the MTP joints and extension the PIPs/DIPs?

A

Lumbricals (Latin: lumbricus: earthworm)

70
Q

there are 2 sesamoid bones – one adhered to each of the 2 tendons – they protect the tendons from _______________

A

pressure during standing and walking

71
Q

Which muscle in the third layer of the foot does flexion of the 1st MTP joint?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

72
Q

Which muscle in the third layer of the foot adducts the 1st toe also helps maintain transverse arch?

A

Adductor hallucis

73
Q

Which muscle in the third layer of the foot does flexion of the 5th MTP joint?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

74
Q

when discussing abduction and adduction of the toes, the ‘midline’ (reference point) is through the _________

A

2nd toe

75
Q

Which muscle in the fourth layer of the foot does abduction of 2nd – 4th MTP joints (DAB) (moving the digits away from the 2nd toe)?

A

Dorsal interossei

76
Q

Which muscle in the fourth layer of the foot does
adduction of the 2nd – 4th MTP joints (PAD)
(moving the digits towards the 2nd toe)?

A

Plantar interossei

T1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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