QUIZ 1 Flashcards
What makes up the chest/thorax? (Name the bones)
Sternum, manubrium, xiphoid process, 12 pairs of ribs. (Connected by costal cartilage)
What are the primary muscles of respiration?
Diaphragm ( contracts during inspiration ) , external intercostals.
The external intercostal muscles increase the ______________ during inspiration.
Anteroposterior chest diameter
What muscles decrease the transverse chest diameter during expiration?
Interior intercostal muscles
What muscles during respiration are brought into play when there are pulmonary problems and compromise. ?
SCM and trapezius
What is situation between the lungs and contains all thoracic viscera except _______?
Mediastinum, lungs.
The lungs are enclosed by what?
Serous membrane
Are the lungs symmetrical?
No, they’re paired though. (Right lung 3 lodges, left lung 2 lobes and a lingua.)
About how many alveoli are found in a lobe of an adult?
300 million
At what level does the trachea bifurcate?
T4 or T5 (below the manubriosternal joint)
How many main bronchi on left and right?
3 on right, 2 on left
What bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies?
Right
At what intercostal space are the nipples for males?
4th
At what intercostal space is the manubriosternal junction?
2nd
The apex of the lungs sits partially above what?
The clavicle.
Relative decrease in pulmonary pressure most often leads to closure of what minutes after birth?
Foramen ovale
Increased oxygen tension in the arterial blood usually stimulates contraction and closure of what?
Ductus arteriosus
Chest circumference is same as head circumference until about what year of age?
2
What an atomic changes happen in the chest of a pregnant woman?
Lower ribs flare, diaphragm rises, diaphragm movement increases so that major work of breaking is done by the diaphragm, respiratory rate remains the same, minute ventilation increases.
In an older adult what can results in barrel chest?
Loss of muscle strength in thorax and diaphragm and loss of lung resiliency
In an older adult there is a ______in vital capacity and a ________in residual volume.
Decrease, increase
What is the order of examinations for respiratory unit?
Inspection, palpation, perfusion, auscultation
What is barrel chest?
Anteroposterior is larger than transverse diameter
What are some peripheral clues that may suggest pulmonary difficulties ?
Clubbing of fingers, odor of breath, cyanosis or parlor of skin and nails, pursing of lips, flaring of nostrils
