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PHYS DI II > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is positioned behind what costal cartilages?

A

3rd to 6th

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2
Q

What is the position of the heart in a tall slender person?

A

Hangs vertically and centrally.

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3
Q

What is the position of the heart in a short person?

A

More to the left and ore horizontally

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4
Q

When the heart displays as a mirror image it is called what?

A

Dextrocardia

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5
Q

What is it called when the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver is to the left ?

A

Situs inversus

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6
Q

What layer of the heart is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

What is the thin outermost muscle layer that covers the surface of the heart and extends onto the great vessels?

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

What is a tough double walled fibrous sac encasing and protecting the heart?

A

Pericardium

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9
Q

What separates the atria from the ventricles on the anterior external surface of the heart?

A

Coronary sulcus

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10
Q

What two things make up the primary muscle masss of the heart?

A

Right and left ventricles

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11
Q

What are the diameters of the hear? Long, widest, anteroposterior?

A

12cm long, 8 cm wide, 6 cm in its anteroposterior

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12
Q

Anterior surface of the heart is made up of?

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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13
Q

What makes up the left boarder of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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14
Q

What forms the posterior aspect of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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15
Q

Where is the apical impulse usually felt/

A

5th left intercostal space at the mid clavicular

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16
Q

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

A

Tricuspid and mitral valves

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17
Q

The antrioventricular valves are open when and closed when?

A

Open in diastole, closed in systole

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18
Q

What does Try Pulling My Arm stand for ?

A

The order of the valves, tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic

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19
Q

What is the only valve that doesn’t have three cusps (leaflets) ?

A

Mitral ( 2 )

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20
Q

When are the semilunars open? Closed?

A

Open during systole, closed during diastole

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21
Q

The S1 sound (

“LUB”) is make by the closing of what?

A

The mitral and tricuspid valves closing

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22
Q

Is valve opening usually silent?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What gives you the DUB sound (S2) ?

A

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic Valves

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24
Q

what is the A2 sound?

A

Closure of the aortic valve?

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25
What makes up the P2 sound?
Closure of the pulmonic valve
26
What can cause an s3 sound?
Ventricular filling (diastole)
27
What side of the heart has more pressures?
Left
28
What sound is heart first A2 or P2 ?
A2
29
Where would you want to listen to the valves?
Away from the anatomical location, Down stream of blood flow
30
What is a normal RP interval?
.12 TO 0.20
31
WHAT IS VENTRICULAR REPOL/
T WAVE
32
How long is a QRS complex?
Less that 0.10 sec
33
What doe the QRS represent?
Ventricular depolarization
34
What does the P wave stand for?
Atrial Depolarization
35
Venttrular contraction is initiated at the_______?
Apex
36
Pacemaker of the heart?
SA
37
When the heart is beating about how much does ventricular systole is short than diastole?
68-72
38
When the heart beats about how much do the two phases of the cardiac systole approximate each other ?
120
39
In infants flood flos from the right atrium into the left atrium via what?
Foramen ovale
40
The right ventricle pumps blood through what rather than into the lungs?
Ductus arteriosis
41
In an infants heart what ventricle is better in weight and muscle mass?
They are both the same because they both pump blood into systemic circulation.
42
By what ages does the size of a child's left and right ventricles approximate an adults ?
1
43
Hoe does the heart lie in most children?
More horizontally
44
In most causes the adult heart position is reached by what age?
7
45
During pregnancy when does blood (plasma) volume reach is peak?
After week 30?
46
How longer after a pregnancy does it take for blood volume to return to normal?
3-4 weeks
47
What is the precordial catch?
Sudden sharp relatively bread pain that does not radiate, occurs most often at rest, unrelated to exertion, may not have a cause
48
What is described as a pressure or choking sensation, substernal or into the neck. Discomfort which can be intense, may radiate to the jaw and down the left arm?
Angina pectoris
49
Where is the PMI typically found?
Left 5th intercostal space in adults, 4th in children
50
A lift along the left steal boarder may be caused by what?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
51
What is a palpable murmur at the grade IV level or more?
Thrill
52
Displacement of the apical impulse to the right without a loss or gain in thrust suggests what ?
Dextrocardia, diaphragmatic hernia, distended stomach
53
Where is a thrill usually palpated?
R or L 2nd intercostal space
54
How should you use the stereoscope when listening to the heart?
Go slow, inch along the route, don't jump from side to side
55
What is splitting?
When the valves do not close at the same time.
56
What s sound when heard loud always suggest pathology?
S4
57
Do pacemakers cause a heart sound?
No
58
A prosthetic aortic valve abuses a sound when?
Early is systole
59
A prostatic mitral valve causes a sound when?
Early in diastole
60
Diseased valves which can cause murmurs are problems with ?
Do not open or close well
61
When the leaflets are thickened and the passage is narrowed. Forward blood flow is restricted is called?
Stenosis
62
What the valve leaflets do not fit well together its called?
Regurgitation
63
What stenosis is heard over the apex?
Mitral
64
Where is aortic stenosis found ?
Over second right intercostal boarder
65
Where is subaortic stenosis found?
At the apex and along the left eternal boarder
66
Where is pulmonic stenosis found?
Thrill in send and third left intercostal, radiating into the left neck
67
What is a murmur that is result of a structural anomaly that is not sever enough to cause a clinical prob?
Benign
68
A heart rate that is irregular but occurs in a repeated pattern my indicate what?
Sinus arrhythmia
69
Infants with right sided congestive heart failure have what?
Large firm livers.
70
A purplish plethora in a newborn is associated w/ ?
Polycythemia
71
An ashen white color in a newborn indicates what?
Shock, central cyanosis, suggests congenital heart disease
72
Does acrocyanosis signify pathology?
No
73
A pneumothorax shifts the apical impulse where?
Away from the pneumothorax
74
Does a diaphragmatic hernia shift the heart to the right?
Yes
75
In an infant if you push up on the liver what kind of number will get it to disappear?
Left to right shunt
76
In an infant, when pushing on the liver, what hummer is made worse?
Right to left
77
What disease is associated with most acquired murmurs?
Kawasaki disease
78
What occurs during childhood and the heart rate varies in a cyclic pattern?
Sinus arrhythmia
79
What can be heard in 90% of pregnant woman?
Systolic ejection murmurs

PHYS DI II (7 decks)

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