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PHYS DI II > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is positioned behind what costal cartilages?

A

3rd to 6th

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2
Q

What is the position of the heart in a tall slender person?

A

Hangs vertically and centrally.

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3
Q

What is the position of the heart in a short person?

A

More to the left and ore horizontally

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4
Q

When the heart displays as a mirror image it is called what?

A

Dextrocardia

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5
Q

What is it called when the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver is to the left ?

A

Situs inversus

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6
Q

What layer of the heart is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

What is the thin outermost muscle layer that covers the surface of the heart and extends onto the great vessels?

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

What is a tough double walled fibrous sac encasing and protecting the heart?

A

Pericardium

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9
Q

What separates the atria from the ventricles on the anterior external surface of the heart?

A

Coronary sulcus

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10
Q

What two things make up the primary muscle masss of the heart?

A

Right and left ventricles

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11
Q

What are the diameters of the hear? Long, widest, anteroposterior?

A

12cm long, 8 cm wide, 6 cm in its anteroposterior

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12
Q

Anterior surface of the heart is made up of?

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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13
Q

What makes up the left boarder of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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14
Q

What forms the posterior aspect of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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15
Q

Where is the apical impulse usually felt/

A

5th left intercostal space at the mid clavicular

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16
Q

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

A

Tricuspid and mitral valves

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17
Q

The antrioventricular valves are open when and closed when?

A

Open in diastole, closed in systole

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18
Q

What does Try Pulling My Arm stand for ?

A

The order of the valves, tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic

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19
Q

What is the only valve that doesn’t have three cusps (leaflets) ?

A

Mitral ( 2 )

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20
Q

When are the semilunars open? Closed?

A

Open during systole, closed during diastole

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21
Q

The S1 sound (

“LUB”) is make by the closing of what?

A

The mitral and tricuspid valves closing

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22
Q

Is valve opening usually silent?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What gives you the DUB sound (S2) ?

A

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic Valves

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24
Q

what is the A2 sound?

A

Closure of the aortic valve?

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25
Q

What makes up the P2 sound?

A

Closure of the pulmonic valve

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26
Q

What can cause an s3 sound?

A

Ventricular filling (diastole)

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27
Q

What side of the heart has more pressures?

A

Left

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28
Q

What sound is heart first A2 or P2 ?

A

A2

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29
Q

Where would you want to listen to the valves?

A

Away from the anatomical location, Down stream of blood flow

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30
Q

What is a normal RP interval?

A

.12 TO 0.20

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31
Q

WHAT IS VENTRICULAR REPOL/

A

T WAVE

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32
Q

How long is a QRS complex?

A

Less that 0.10 sec

33
Q

What doe the QRS represent?

A

Ventricular depolarization

34
Q

What does the P wave stand for?

A

Atrial Depolarization

35
Q

Venttrular contraction is initiated at the_______?

A

Apex

36
Q

Pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA

37
Q

When the heart is beating about how much does ventricular systole is short than diastole?

A

68-72

38
Q

When the heart beats about how much do the two phases of the cardiac systole approximate each other ?

A

120

39
Q

In infants flood flos from the right atrium into the left atrium via what?

A

Foramen ovale

40
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood through what rather than into the lungs?

A

Ductus arteriosis

41
Q

In an infants heart what ventricle is better in weight and muscle mass?

A

They are both the same because they both pump blood into systemic circulation.

42
Q

By what ages does the size of a child’s left and right ventricles approximate an adults ?

A

1

43
Q

Hoe does the heart lie in most children?

A

More horizontally

44
Q

In most causes the adult heart position is reached by what age?

A

7

45
Q

During pregnancy when does blood (plasma) volume reach is peak?

A

After week 30?

46
Q

How longer after a pregnancy does it take for blood volume to return to normal?

A

3-4 weeks

47
Q

What is the precordial catch?

A

Sudden sharp relatively bread pain that does not radiate, occurs most often at rest, unrelated to exertion, may not have a cause

48
Q

What is described as a pressure or choking sensation, substernal or into the neck. Discomfort which can be intense, may radiate to the jaw and down the left arm?

A

Angina pectoris

49
Q

Where is the PMI typically found?

A

Left 5th intercostal space in adults, 4th in children

50
Q

A lift along the left steal boarder may be caused by what?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

51
Q

What is a palpable murmur at the grade IV level or more?

A

Thrill

52
Q

Displacement of the apical impulse to the right without a loss or gain in thrust suggests what ?

A

Dextrocardia, diaphragmatic hernia, distended stomach

53
Q

Where is a thrill usually palpated?

A

R or L 2nd intercostal space

54
Q

How should you use the stereoscope when listening to the heart?

A

Go slow, inch along the route, don’t jump from side to side

55
Q

What is splitting?

A

When the valves do not close at the same time.

56
Q

What s sound when heard loud always suggest pathology?

A

S4

57
Q

Do pacemakers cause a heart sound?

A

No

58
Q

A prosthetic aortic valve abuses a sound when?

A

Early is systole

59
Q

A prostatic mitral valve causes a sound when?

A

Early in diastole

60
Q

Diseased valves which can cause murmurs are problems with ?

A

Do not open or close well

61
Q

When the leaflets are thickened and the passage is narrowed. Forward blood flow is restricted is called?

A

Stenosis

62
Q

What the valve leaflets do not fit well together its called?

A

Regurgitation

63
Q

What stenosis is heard over the apex?

A

Mitral

64
Q

Where is aortic stenosis found ?

A

Over second right intercostal boarder

65
Q

Where is subaortic stenosis found?

A

At the apex and along the left eternal boarder

66
Q

Where is pulmonic stenosis found?

A

Thrill in send and third left intercostal, radiating into the left neck

67
Q

What is a murmur that is result of a structural anomaly that is not sever enough to cause a clinical prob?

A

Benign

68
Q

A heart rate that is irregular but occurs in a repeated pattern my indicate what?

A

Sinus arrhythmia

69
Q

Infants with right sided congestive heart failure have what?

A

Large firm livers.

70
Q

A purplish plethora in a newborn is associated w/ ?

A

Polycythemia

71
Q

An ashen white color in a newborn indicates what?

A

Shock, central cyanosis, suggests congenital heart disease

72
Q

Does acrocyanosis signify pathology?

A

No

73
Q

A pneumothorax shifts the apical impulse where?

A

Away from the pneumothorax

74
Q

Does a diaphragmatic hernia shift the heart to the right?

A

Yes

75
Q

In an infant if you push up on the liver what kind of number will get it to disappear?

A

Left to right shunt

76
Q

In an infant, when pushing on the liver, what hummer is made worse?

A

Right to left

77
Q

What disease is associated with most acquired murmurs?

A

Kawasaki disease

78
Q

What occurs during childhood and the heart rate varies in a cyclic pattern?

A

Sinus arrhythmia

79
Q

What can be heard in 90% of pregnant woman?

A

Systolic ejection murmurs

PHYS DI II (7 decks)

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