Quiz 1 Flashcards by Valente Montes

Internal = ?

Country

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External Analysis = ?

System

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What is comparative politics?

The study and comparison of domestic politics across countries

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The study of the struggle for power across countries

Comparative politics

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Why is comparative politics important?

In order to separate ideals from objective concepts.

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What is politics?

Struggle in any group for power that will give a person or people the ability to make decisions for the larger group

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Where can politics be found?

Anywhere there is an organization

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What is the struggle for authority to make decisions that will affect the public as a whole?

Politics

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What are 4 recent events that have shaken world politics?

Collapse of communism
Globalization
Religion as a political force
Challenges to severeignty

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How do you make sense of change?

With a thorough study of comparative politics

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What 3 things do you look at when studying comparative politics?

Analytical concepts
Methods
Ideals

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What are theories that guide research known as?

Analytical concepts

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What are ways to study and test theories?

Methods

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What are known as the values and beliefs about preferred outcomes?

Ideals

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What does the comparative method mean?

Drawing comparisons across countries

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What are the means by which we go from studying a case to generating a hypothesis known as?

Inductive reasoning and the single-case approach

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What is it known as when you begin with a hypothesis and then seek out certain cases for evidence?

Deductive reasoning and the comparative approach

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True or False: Correlation does not mean causation?

True

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When does it mean when there’s an apparent association that exists between certain factors or variables?

Correlation

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True or false: An apparent relationship between the two doesn’t mean that one is the cause and the other is the effect

True

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The following are all known as what?
- Difficult to control variables
- Limited # of cases
Barriers to conducting research
- Selection bias can skew research and results
- Endogeneity

Limits of Comparative method

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What is known as “the motor of history”

Endogeneity

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Who did the first comparative studies begin with?

Aristotle

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What did Aristotle like to study?

Different constitutions of Greek city-states

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What does empirical mean?

That it's observable and verifiable

Who are some of the leading thinkers that come to mind when studying Comparative Politics?

- Machiavelli - Thomas Hobbes - John Locke - Jean-Jacque Rousseau - Karl Marx

Who was it that sought to compare and evaluate merits of different political systems?

Machiavelli (1469-1527)

Who developed the "social contract" theory?

Jean-Jacque Rousseau

Who developed a theory of economic and political development and revolutionary change?

Karl Marx

By the turn of the 20th century, comparative politics was what?

Descriptive and static

What two things were not well understood?

Change and causality

What did University researchers sought out to do?

To create theories of human behavior in many fields

Limits of comparative politics were underscored by what?

World Wars I and II

What were 4 things that resulted from the Cold War?

- Fear of Soviet Union - De-colonization - Belief that comparative politics could help understand Soviet threat - Enthusiasm for scientific progress (ex, computers/ tech innovation)

What theory articulates how countries modernize or fail to do so?

Modernization Theory

True or false: Modernization Theory hopes to apply to American foreign policy

True

Modernization Theory sought out to spread what two things?

Capitalism and democracy

The shift from studying institutions to studying individual political behavior derives from what theory?

Modernization Theory

What is the new approach to the study of comparative politics?

Behavioralism

Which approach rejects qualitative approaches?

Behavioralism

This approach is centered around behavior of individuals, not political structures

Behavioralism

Which approach favors greater use of statistics and statistical data gathering?

Behavioralism

Which approach hopes for a "grand theory" of politics?

Behavioralism

True or False: No real breakthroughs in comparative politics-no "grand theory" by the 1960s?

True

Expectations of political modernization were confounded by what?

Real events in the world

What's one of the arguments that critics charge behavioralism with?

That it emphasizes jargon over knowledge

True or false: Critics charge modernization theory with bias, expecting that capitalism and democracy would easily fit in other countries.

True

What are the two best methods for gathering research?

Quantitative method and Qualitative method

Which method requires gathering numerical data for statistical analysis? ex. Look for patterns, test ideas

Quantitative method

What method requires carrying out intensive studies of cases through archival research and interviews?

Qualitative method

One benefit of the qualitative method?

Intensive study cases to acquire a deeper grasp of political context

One drawback of the qualitative method?

Result is often only description rather than comparative analysis

Three benefits of the Quantitative method?

- Can look at multiple cases - Can control variables more easily - More "scientific"

Two Drawbacks of the Quantitative method?

- Data may be skewed or incomplete | - Research driven by what data is available rather than vice versa?

Which three world events brought about momentous changes?

- Religion re-emerged as a political force - Rapid development in Asia - Collapse of communism

Defined as organizations or patterns of activity that are self-perpetuating and valued for their own sake. What are these organizations called?

Political Institutions

What is the basic content of politics?

Freedom and equality

What is freedom?

The ability of an individual to act independently

Not having free of restriction or punishment by state or non state actors refers to what?

Freedom

Three examples of Freedom?

- Free speech - Free assembly - Right to bear arms

Shared economic standard within community, society, or country refers to what?

Equality

Politics is a balance between what two things?

Freedom and equality

A set of institutions that seeks to wield the majority of force within a territory, establishing order and deterring challengers from the inside out refers to what?

The State

The ability to carry out actions independently of internal/external challengers refers to what?

Sovereignty

Who defined the state as a monopoly of violence over a given territory?

Max Weber

The fundamental rules and norms of politics are defined as what?

Regimes

True or false: regimes are easily changed?

False

What sorts of events would likely lead to "regime change"

Revolutions or crises, removal by war, etc.