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Comparative Government > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Seeking to create or preserve one’s own nation (political group) through an independent state is known as what?

A

Nationalism

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2
Q

What is an Ascription?

A

An identity assigned at birth

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3
Q

A collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations are conducted

A

Society

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4
Q

This refers to a person’s relationship to other members of society through a set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture.

A

Ethnic Identity

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5
Q

What is known as a pride in one’s people and belief in sovereign destiny?

A

Nationalism

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6
Q

Do ethnic groups ever call for self-government in order to form National Identity?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What can develop from ethnicity?

A

National Identity

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8
Q

List three examples of National Identity

A
  • Self-government
  • Sovereignty
  • Equality
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9
Q

What is referred to an individual’s or a group’s relationship to the state; those who are citizens swear allegiance to that state, and that state in return is obligated to provide rights to those individuals or the members of that group?

A

Citizenship

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10
Q

Can you have national identity without ethnic identity?

A

Yes! United States! India, Great Britain, Canada, too!

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11
Q

True or False: National Identity is inherently political in nature?

A

True

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12
Q

True or false: Ethnic Identity is largely fixed during our lives

A

True

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13
Q

Ethnicity is fixed but is citizenship?

A

No

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14
Q

Is ethnicity as a “social construction” inherently political?

A

No

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15
Q

What is known as a set of institutions that blind people together through common political aspirations?

A

National identity

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16
Q

Give an example of a country where language and culture are the same, but religion divides

A

Serbia

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17
Q

This refers to a broad term that refers to complex human organization

A

Society

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18
Q

List a country with Ethnic and National Identity

A

Canada: French-speaking population in Quebec

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19
Q

What are some examples of Ethnic Identity?

A
  • Language
  • Religion
  • Geography
  • Customs
  • History
  • etc.
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20
Q

Can you have ethnic identity without national identity?

A

Yes; various ethnic groups that do not have a national consciousness

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21
Q

What is the key to nationalism?

A

Sovereignty

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22
Q

True or false: what differentiates groups in one place may not be important in another

A

True

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23
Q

List two reasons for which National Identity forms

A
  • Ethnic groups may feel oppressed

- Ethnic group may form a minority population

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24
Q

Citizenship gives rise to what?

A

Patriotism

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25
Q

What is referred to the pride in one’s state?

A

Patriotism

26
Q

What also fed the creation of shared identities - ethnicity?

A

New Social Institutions

27
Q

What was a result of fostering national identity?

A

A common political destiny

28
Q

Nationalism is promoted by whom?

A

States and elites–top-down approach

29
Q

Why do elites promote nationalism?

A

It promotes unity/ doesn’t disrupt the establishment

30
Q

The idea that people would fight and die for abstract concept like national identity was what kind of shift?

A

A paradigm shift

31
Q

What is an important political identity as nation-states formed?

A

Citizenship

32
Q

What are sources of conflict?

A
  • Ethnic
  • National
  • Violence as a common tool
33
Q

What is the struggle between groups to achieve economic/political goals at other groups’ expense (superiority) referred to as?

A

Ethnic conflict

34
Q

What is the struggle between groups for political independence (sovereignty) referred to as?

A

National Conflict

35
Q

Views regarding the necessary pace and scope of political change describes what?

A

Political Attitudes

36
Q

What are two views of political attitudes?

A

Left & Right

37
Q

List of the 4 political attitudes

A
  • Radicals
  • Liberals
  • Conservatives
  • Reactionaries
38
Q

Name the following political attitude - seek revolutionary change, violently if necessary

A

Radicals

39
Q

Name the following political attitude - those who seek evolutionary change

A

Liberals

40
Q

Name the following political attitude - seek little or no change of system

A

Conservatives

41
Q

Name the following political attitude - seek to restore previous order, violently if necessary

A

Reactionaries

42
Q

What is the set of political values regarding fundamental good goals of politics

A

Political Ideoloes

43
Q

Who is for the individual political and freedom?

A

Liberals (Liberalism)

44
Q

Describe liberalism

A
  • Weak state with low autonomy - controlled by people
  • Higher inequality
  • Liberal democracy
45
Q

The following list which political ideology?

  • Low individual political freedom
  • High equality as the goal
  • Strong state with high autonomy
A

Communism

46
Q

What ideology believes that the struggle over resources breeds inequality?

A

Communism

47
Q

Which ideology seeks to balance individual freedom and collective equality using a strong state to manage this?

A

Social Democracy

48
Q

This continent is known as the “welfare state”

A

Europe

49
Q

This ideology doesn’t care about freedom or equality

A

Fascism

50
Q

This ideology doesn’t care about inequality because it’s based on the superiority that some are over many

A

Fascism

51
Q

Which ideology allows for high autonomy and capacity to direct nation and vanquish enemies

A

Fascism

52
Q

Which ideology has a very high focus on individual freedom and equality?

A

Anarchism

53
Q

Which ideology believes that states are the problem, not the solution?

A

Anarchism

54
Q

This society seeks a stateless society to ensure both freedom and equality

A

Anarchism

55
Q

Which ideology claims that ideologies emerged as rivals to traditional religions?

A

Fundamentalism

56
Q

This ideology seeks to unite religion with the state to make faith the sovereign authority?

A

Fundamentalism

57
Q

Which ideology reemerged faith in political context?

A

Fundamentalism

58
Q

Does fundamentalism have one political ideology or orientation?

A

No

59
Q

What is theocracy?

A

Rule by faith

60
Q

Emphasis on freedom and equality may be very different depending on what?

A

The kind of fundamentalism

Comparative Government (12 decks)

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