Chapter 3 Flashcards
Seeking to create or preserve one’s own nation (political group) through an independent state is known as what?
Nationalism
What is an Ascription?
An identity assigned at birth
A collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations are conducted
Society
This refers to a person’s relationship to other members of society through a set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture.
Ethnic Identity
What is known as a pride in one’s people and belief in sovereign destiny?
Nationalism
Do ethnic groups ever call for self-government in order to form National Identity?
Yes
What can develop from ethnicity?
National Identity
List three examples of National Identity
- Self-government
- Sovereignty
- Equality
What is referred to an individual’s or a group’s relationship to the state; those who are citizens swear allegiance to that state, and that state in return is obligated to provide rights to those individuals or the members of that group?
Citizenship
Can you have national identity without ethnic identity?
Yes! United States! India, Great Britain, Canada, too!
True or False: National Identity is inherently political in nature?
True
True or false: Ethnic Identity is largely fixed during our lives
True
Ethnicity is fixed but is citizenship?
No
Is ethnicity as a “social construction” inherently political?
No
What is known as a set of institutions that blind people together through common political aspirations?
National identity
Give an example of a country where language and culture are the same, but religion divides
Serbia
This refers to a broad term that refers to complex human organization
Society
List a country with Ethnic and National Identity
Canada: French-speaking population in Quebec
What are some examples of Ethnic Identity?
- Language
- Religion
- Geography
- Customs
- History
- etc.
Can you have ethnic identity without national identity?
Yes; various ethnic groups that do not have a national consciousness
What is the key to nationalism?
Sovereignty
True or false: what differentiates groups in one place may not be important in another
True
List two reasons for which National Identity forms
- Ethnic groups may feel oppressed
- Ethnic group may form a minority population
Citizenship gives rise to what?
Patriotism
What is referred to the pride in one’s state?
Patriotism
What also fed the creation of shared identities - ethnicity?
New Social Institutions
What was a result of fostering national identity?
A common political destiny
Nationalism is promoted by whom?
States and elites–top-down approach
Why do elites promote nationalism?
It promotes unity/ doesn’t disrupt the establishment
The idea that people would fight and die for abstract concept like national identity was what kind of shift?
A paradigm shift
What is an important political identity as nation-states formed?
Citizenship
What are sources of conflict?
- Ethnic
- National
- Violence as a common tool
What is the struggle between groups to achieve economic/political goals at other groups’ expense (superiority) referred to as?
Ethnic conflict
What is the struggle between groups for political independence (sovereignty) referred to as?
National Conflict
Views regarding the necessary pace and scope of political change describes what?
Political Attitudes
What are two views of political attitudes?
Left & Right
List of the 4 political attitudes
- Radicals
- Liberals
- Conservatives
- Reactionaries
Name the following political attitude - seek revolutionary change, violently if necessary
Radicals
Name the following political attitude - those who seek evolutionary change
Liberals
Name the following political attitude - seek little or no change of system
Conservatives
Name the following political attitude - seek to restore previous order, violently if necessary
Reactionaries
What is the set of political values regarding fundamental good goals of politics
Political Ideoloes
Who is for the individual political and freedom?
Liberals (Liberalism)
Describe liberalism
- Weak state with low autonomy - controlled by people
- Higher inequality
- Liberal democracy
The following list which political ideology?
- Low individual political freedom
- High equality as the goal
- Strong state with high autonomy
Communism
What ideology believes that the struggle over resources breeds inequality?
Communism
Which ideology seeks to balance individual freedom and collective equality using a strong state to manage this?
Social Democracy
This continent is known as the “welfare state”
Europe
This ideology doesn’t care about freedom or equality
Fascism
This ideology doesn’t care about inequality because it’s based on the superiority that some are over many
Fascism
Which ideology allows for high autonomy and capacity to direct nation and vanquish enemies
Fascism
Which ideology has a very high focus on individual freedom and equality?
Anarchism
Which ideology believes that states are the problem, not the solution?
Anarchism
This society seeks a stateless society to ensure both freedom and equality
Anarchism
Which ideology claims that ideologies emerged as rivals to traditional religions?
Fundamentalism
This ideology seeks to unite religion with the state to make faith the sovereign authority?
Fundamentalism
Which ideology reemerged faith in political context?
Fundamentalism
Does fundamentalism have one political ideology or orientation?
No
What is theocracy?
Rule by faith
Emphasis on freedom and equality may be very different depending on what?
The kind of fundamentalism
