Chapter 5

Question 1

What does “demos” mean in greek?

Answer 1

The common people

Question 2

What does “kratia” mean in greek?

Answer 2

Power

Question 3

Political power, direct or indirect, through participation, competition, and liberty refers to what?

Answer 3

Democracy

Question 4

What favors individual freedom over collective equality?

Answer 4

Democracy

Question 5

What places greater emphasis on equality while still protecting individual rights?

Answer 5

Social Democracies

Question 6

Can Mercantilism can also maintain the values of social democracy in spite of a large state role?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

List 4 examples of Democracies

Answer 7

• India
• Japan
• Taiwan
• South Korea

Question 8

Democracy tends to have what kind of connotation?

Answer 8

A positive one

Question 9

True or false: Soviet Union saw itself as democratic

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Direct participation, people functioned as the state and government refers to what?

Answer 10

Athenian Democracy

Question 11

Indirect participation, exercised on behalf of people, separation of powers refers to what?

Answer 11

Republicanism

Question 12

In a democracy, which group has control over the levers of political power?

Answer 12

The larger group (Popular Sovereignty)

Question 13

What country is seen as the birthplace of modern democratic institutions?

Answer 13

England

Question 14

What were the rights of King John that were curbed by lower aristocracy referred to?

Answer 14

1215 Magna Carta

Question 15

What are the laws that apply to all irrespective of political position?

Answer 15

Notion of the rule of law

Question 16

True or False: Sets in motion notion of legal supremacy over people and political leaders

Answer 16

True

Question 17

When there is less of a need for repression of people (to collect taxes, wage war) is the state stronger or weaker?

Answer 17

Weaker

Question 18

In democracies, can power be checked by lower groups classesdecentralized?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What does the modernization theory state?

Answer 19

That as societies become more modern they inevitably become more democratic

Question 20

Modernization is associated with what 4 things?

Answer 20

• More education
• Weakening of older, traditional institutions
• Greater gender equality
• Rise of the middle class

Question 21

Whether democratization follows modernization is linked to what?

Answer 21

Who is in power - elites

Question 22

What states have had a rise in material wealth, education, modernization without democratization?

Answer 22

Oil states of the Middle East

Question 23

What is an obstacle to democratization?

Answer 23

Poverty

Question 24

How resources are distributed affects what?

Answer 24

Likelihood for change

Question 25

Organized life outside the state refers to what?

Answer 25

Civil society

Question 26

What are some examples of civil societies?

Answer 26

- Clubs - Associations - Societies

Question 27

What are inherently apolitical, but allow people to participate in expressing issues that are important - aid in democratization?

Answer 27

Civil socities

Question 28

Modernization can be a result of what?

Answer 28

- Foreign investment - Trade - Globalization

Question 29

Can outside influences push democratization?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Civil societies are strengthened by what?

Answer 30

- Education - Media - Nongovernmental Organizations outside the country

Question 31

True or false: The extent of international influence isn't variable in democratization

Answer 31

False, the Extent of international influence is highly variable

Question 32

Political culture is the culture of what?

Answer 32

Culture of democracy

Question 33

What breeds democracy?

Answer 33

Democratic traditions and individualistic society

Question 34

Does modernization necessarily breed democracy?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

Modernization can be a result of what 3 things?

Answer 35

- Foreign investment - Trade - Globalization

Question 36

True or false: Outside influences can push democratization

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Civil society strengthened by what 3 things?

Answer 37

- Education - Media - Nongovernmental organizations outside the country

Question 38

Democratic traditions and individualistic society breeds what?

Answer 38

Democracy

Question 39

Heads of state and government are what?

Answer 39

Excecutives

Question 40

Who carries out the laws and policies of a state?

Answer 40

Executives

Question 41

What are the two roles of executives?

Answer 41

- Head of state | - Head of government

Question 42

These individuals are in charge of the everyday tasks of running the state, especially in making policy

Answer 42

Heads of Government

Question 43

Head of government can be removed by a vote of no confidence by who?

Answer 43

The legislature

Question 44

Unicameralism means what?

Answer 44

Single Chamber

Question 45

The following refer to what? Goes back to Britain, notion of different chambers for different classes Commonly used under federalism: one house to represent local communities

Answer 45

Bicameralism

Question 46

True or False: Constitutional Courts have grown in importance over time

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What are the different forms of constitutional court power?

Answer 47

Judicial review - Concrete Review - Abstract Review

Question 48

Ability to rule on constitutional issues rising from cases brought before court refers to what?

Answer 48

Concrete Review

Question 49

Ability to rule on constitutional issues without the need of a court case refers to what?

Answer 49

Abstract review

Question 50

In a parliamentary system who dominates as the head of government?

Answer 50

The Prime minister

Question 51

Can the head be removed by national elections or vote of no confidence in legislature?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

In a presidential system how is the president elected?

Answer 52

Directly

Question 53

In which system does the president serve as both head of state and government--no prime minister?

Answer 53

A presidential system

Question 54

In a presidential system, what are the only two ways in which a president can be removed?

Answer 54

Impeachment or election

Question 55

In which system is the prime minister charged with domestic policy?

Answer 55

Semipresidential system

Question 56

In which system does the directly elected president set broader agenda and foreign relations, national security?

Answer 56

Semipresidential system

Question 57

Give 3 examples of states with a semipresidential system

Answer 57

- Russia - South Korea - Taiwan

Question 58

What are two MAIN reasons for having political parties?

Answer 58

- Bring together diverse groups of people and ideas | - Way to hold politicians accountable

Question 59

Give two reasons for why bringing diverse groups of people and ideas is good for political parties

Answer 59

- Helps establish majority rule, prevents fragmentation | - But also heterogeneous—prevents tyranny of the majority

Question 60

Give two reasons for why bringing diverse groups of people and ideas is good for political parties

Answer 60

- Helps establish majority rule, prevents fragmentation | - But also heterogeneous—prevents tyranny of the majority

Question 61

List one way in which political parties can hold politicians accountable

Answer 61

Articulated ideology that can be evaluated

Question 62

What is central to liberal democracy?

Answer 62

Elections and voter participation

Question 63

What are the two electoral systems?

Answer 63

- Single Member District (SMD) | - Proportional Representation (PR)

Question 64

What kind of system is used in minority of democratic countries?

Answer 64

The electoral system

Question 65

List three countries that use the electoral system

Answer 65

- U.S. - Canada - Great Britain

Question 66

What constitutes a single-member district?

Answer 66

Only one seat being contested per district

Question 67

In which system do voters cast ballots for only one individual, and the candidate with a plurality (largest share) wins the seat?

Answer 67

Single member district--Electoral system

Question 68

What are known as "wasted" votes?

Answer 68

The votes that are not cast for the winner

Question 69

True or False: In a single member district large number of votes maybe not be wasted

Answer 69

False, they can and are referred to as "wasted votes"

Question 70

Does the share of seats always reflect the share of votes won?

Answer 70

Not always

Question 71

What is the result of people unwilling to vote for small parties?

Answer 71

a two party system

Question 72

What is an alternative step that can be taken to ensure a majority in single member districts?

Answer 72

Have two rounds or other mechanisms

Question 73

What is the system that is used by the majority of liberal democracies?

Answer 73

Proportional Representation: Multimember Districts

Question 74

What system attempts to make proportion of votes reflect number of seats won in the legislature?

Answer 74

Proportional Representation: Multimember Districts

Question 75

In which system do Voters cast vote for a party (not a candidate) that competes in multimember districts?

Answer 75

Proportional Representation: Multimember Districts

Question 76

In which system are Votes are tallied and seats divided by the percentage gained by each party?

Answer 76

Proportional Representation: Multimember Districts

Question 77

What is one of the effects of proportional representation when it comes to small parties?

Answer 77

They can actually win seats

Question 78

True or False: Many votes are wasted in a proportional representation

Answer 78

False, fewer votes are actually wasted

Question 79

What are 2 effects of proportional representation?

Answer 79

- Parties control who will fill seats for their party, increasing party discipline - Many more parties in legislature—may lead to coalition government (no one party has majority of seats)

Question 80

List three examples of countries which use both Single Member District and Proportional Representation

Answer 80

- Germany - Japan - Mexico

Question 81

In which system do voters get a dual ballot and how does it work?

Answer 81

In a mixed electoral system voters cast a vote for a single member district AND for a party

Question 82

What are a referendum and initiative?

Answer 82

National ballot on an issue

Question 83

How does a referendum work?

Answer 83

Top-down, binding on government

Question 84

How does an initiative work?

Answer 84

Bottom-up, binding ob government

Question 85

Which two countries have no constitutional provisions on referendums and initiatives?

Answer 85

The U.S. and Canada

Question 86

In which country are referendums and initiatives VERY common?

Answer 86

Switzerland

Question 87

When it comes to civil rights and civil liberties, what is the substance of democracy itself?

Answer 87

The rule of law

Question 88

What do civil rights promote?

Answer 88

Civil rights promote equality!

Question 89

What do civil liberties promote?

Answer 89

Civil liberties promote freedom!

Question 90

List at least four variations within the range of civil rights and liberties

Answer 90

- Free speech - Movement - Privacy - Religion