Quiz 1-3 Review Flashcards
To form neural tissue you need neurons and ________?
glial cells
Voltage gated sodium channels are found in high density within the membrane of ________________
axon hillock
A resting neuron is negative on the inside, this voltage is maintained by which of the following?
A) by pumping sodium in
B) by storing calcium intracellularly
C) opening all channels in the neurons membrane
D) by keeping potassium on the outside
E) keeping sodium on the outside
E) keeping sodium on the outside
Axons form multiple synapses by splitting into smaller processes called ____________
teledondria
In which part of a neuron would you find synaptic vesicles?
axon terminal
The gap between adjacent myelin segments along an axon is called
node
Cranial nerves are classified as part of the
PNS
This part of the neuron receives info
dendrites
Functionally, there are 3 classes of neuron. Which other term is used to describe afferent neurons?
sensory
Nissl bodies or Nissl substance consists of _____________?
RER and ribosomes
At rest a neuron has a transmembrane potential of ______ mV, if this number becomes more positive we say the neuron has ________________
-70, depolarized
Nerves are bundles of __________
axons
Excitatory neurotransmitters after being released at a synapse ________________ off the adjacent neuron
depolarize
The axons going to your hamstrings would be __________________?
motor neurons
The term “soma” and “perikaryon” refer to the
cell body
A classification of neuron that is characterized by having dendrites in the PNS, a soma in the PNS and an axon terminal within the CNS?
pseudounipolar
Efferent motor neurons would be classified as ____________ neurons
multipolar
Which histological stain shows the density of neurons within the tissue?
Nissl stain
A cross section through the spinal cord is stained for glial markers, what are the glia that were identified?
-oligodendrocytes
-astrocytes
-ependymal cells
-microglia
Oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells in that
A) oligodendrocytes occur in the PNS, whereas Schwann cells occur in the CNS
B) each oligodendrocyte forms multiple myelin sheaths, whereas each Schwann cell forms only one myelin sheath
C) oligodendrocytes serve as axon insulators, whereas Schwann cells act as conductors of current flow
D) none of the above
E) oligodendrocytes are composed primarily of fat, whereas Schwann cells are composed primarily of protein
B) each oligodendrocyte forms multiple myelin sheaths, whereas each Schwann cell forms only one myelin sheath
This type of glial cell aids in the transfer of energy producing molecules from the blood stream to the neuron
astrocyte
If proteins start to accumulate in the brain, this could be due to loss of function of ____________
microglia
Some synapses use the neurotransmitter glutamate, this excites adjacent neurons. Prolonged exposure to glutamate causes excitotoxicity, which cells help prevent against this damage?
astrocytes
Some ependymal cells have long processes that appear to project to and interact with neurons in the hypothalamus, these are called
tanocytes
Which of the following glial cells is able to move among neurons?
microglia
Astrocytes have many processes, the ends of some are flattened and form structures known as _____________
end feet
T/F: neuroglia retain the ability to divide
true
Involved in creating the BBB
astrocytes
Gray matter found in the PNS is called
ganglia
T/F: oligodendrocytes would be found myelinating the femoral nerve
false
Is the dorsal root ganglia grey matter, white matter, or both?
grey matter
Is the dorsal horn grey matter, white matter, or both?
grey matter
Is the cerebral cortex grey matter, white matter, or both?
grey matter
Is the funiculus grey matter, white matter, or both?
white matter
Is the spinothalamic tract grey matter, white matter, or both?
white matter
Is the basal nuclei grey matter, white matter, or both?
grey matter
Which of the following glial cells has a different developmental origin?
A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) microglia
D) oligodendrocytes
E) neurons
C) microglia
A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) a demyelinating disorder, is loosing myelin in her thalamus and cerebellum, which cells are being targeted?
oligodendrocytes
Axons that project from gyrus to gyrus or sulcus to sulcus are known as _______________
arcuate fibers
The primary visual cortex is located on the ___________ lobe
occipital
The pituitary gland is associated with which brain region?
diencephalon
In the primary sensory cortex, which body part is represented by neurons in the cortex within the longitudinal fissure?
toes
Each thalamus is divided into groups of nuclei, the regions are anterior, medial, and __________
lateral
The large bundle of projection fibers that pass within each cerebral hemisphere is called the __________________
internal capsule
There are 6 brain regions. They are:
-cerebrum
-cerebellum
-diencephalon
-medulla
-pons
-midbrain
The hypothalamus synthesizes some hormones itself, an example is:
ADH, oxytocin, etc
The basal nuclei belong to which brain region?
cerebrum
Which region of the hypothalamus has an endocrine function and releases hormones?
supraoptic
Striatum or striatal is used to describe which brain region?
basal nuclei
Which part of the thalamus receives visual info?
LGN
Opercula are located on the parietal, frontal, and _____________ lobe
temporal
The corpus callosum connects the R and L hemispheres, which of the following structures does the same but for the inferior temporal lobes?
anterior commissure
The tuberal region of the diencephalon functions in
feeding
Which nuclei is involved in memory consolidation?
mammillary
The precentral gyrus is part of the __________ lobe
frontal
What are the components of a reflex arc in order?
-stimulus
-receptor
-sensory neuron
-interneuron
-motor neuron
-effector
-response
Which glial cell type is believed to be functionally related to macrophages?
microglia
The limbic lobe got its name as _______________________
it forms a border (Latin for border)
A bundle of axons in the PNS containing both afferent and efferent fibers
nerve
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ____________ lobe
temporal
A funiculus (funiculi) is another term for
column
The spinal nerve exiting between vertebrae T6 and T7 is named
T6
Ventral roots contain
motor axons
The internal medullary lamina (Y shape) subdivides which structure into three regions?
Thalamus
A sulcus located on the medial surface of the occipital lobe.
Calcarine sulcus
The motor fibers of the corticospinal tract originate in the _________?
Precentral gyrus
Which of the following is a function of astrocytes?
Maintain ionic composition
Which of the following cells would you find along the femoral nerve?
Schwann cells
The orientation of axons within the cortex could be visualized by the _____ stain and ________ ?
Weigert, tract-tracing
The large Trigeminal ganglia contains _____ and _____?
The soma of sensory afferents, satellite cells
