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Neuroanatomy 1 > Quiz 1-3 Review > Flashcards

Quiz 1-3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

To form neural tissue you need neurons and ________?

A

glial cells

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2
Q

Voltage gated sodium channels are found in high density within the membrane of ________________

A

axon hillock

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3
Q

A resting neuron is negative on the inside, this voltage is maintained by which of the following?
A) by pumping sodium in
B) by storing calcium intracellularly
C) opening all channels in the neurons membrane
D) by keeping potassium on the outside
E) keeping sodium on the outside

A

E) keeping sodium on the outside

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4
Q

Axons form multiple synapses by splitting into smaller processes called ____________

A

teledondria

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5
Q

In which part of a neuron would you find synaptic vesicles?

A

axon terminal

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6
Q

The gap between adjacent myelin segments along an axon is called

A

node

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7
Q

Cranial nerves are classified as part of the

A

PNS

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8
Q

This part of the neuron receives info

A

dendrites

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9
Q

Functionally, there are 3 classes of neuron. Which other term is used to describe afferent neurons?

A

sensory

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10
Q

Nissl bodies or Nissl substance consists of _____________?

A

RER and ribosomes

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11
Q

At rest a neuron has a transmembrane potential of ______ mV, if this number becomes more positive we say the neuron has ________________

A

-70, depolarized

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12
Q

Nerves are bundles of __________

A

axons

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13
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters after being released at a synapse ________________ off the adjacent neuron

A

depolarize

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14
Q

The axons going to your hamstrings would be __________________?

A

motor neurons

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15
Q

The term “soma” and “perikaryon” refer to the

A

cell body

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16
Q

A classification of neuron that is characterized by having dendrites in the PNS, a soma in the PNS and an axon terminal within the CNS?

A

pseudounipolar

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17
Q

Efferent motor neurons would be classified as ____________ neurons

A

multipolar

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18
Q

Which histological stain shows the density of neurons within the tissue?

A

Nissl stain

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19
Q

A cross section through the spinal cord is stained for glial markers, what are the glia that were identified?

A

-oligodendrocytes
-astrocytes
-ependymal cells
-microglia

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20
Q

Oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells in that
A) oligodendrocytes occur in the PNS, whereas Schwann cells occur in the CNS
B) each oligodendrocyte forms multiple myelin sheaths, whereas each Schwann cell forms only one myelin sheath
C) oligodendrocytes serve as axon insulators, whereas Schwann cells act as conductors of current flow
D) none of the above
E) oligodendrocytes are composed primarily of fat, whereas Schwann cells are composed primarily of protein

A

B) each oligodendrocyte forms multiple myelin sheaths, whereas each Schwann cell forms only one myelin sheath

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21
Q

This type of glial cell aids in the transfer of energy producing molecules from the blood stream to the neuron

A

astrocyte

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22
Q

If proteins start to accumulate in the brain, this could be due to loss of function of ____________

A

microglia

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23
Q

Some synapses use the neurotransmitter glutamate, this excites adjacent neurons. Prolonged exposure to glutamate causes excitotoxicity, which cells help prevent against this damage?

A

astrocytes

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24
Q

Some ependymal cells have long processes that appear to project to and interact with neurons in the hypothalamus, these are called

A

tanocytes

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25
Q

Which of the following glial cells is able to move among neurons?

A

microglia

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26
Q

Astrocytes have many processes, the ends of some are flattened and form structures known as _____________

A

end feet

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27
Q

T/F: neuroglia retain the ability to divide

A

true

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28
Q

Involved in creating the BBB

A

astrocytes

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29
Q

Gray matter found in the PNS is called

A

ganglia

30
Q

T/F: oligodendrocytes would be found myelinating the femoral nerve

A

false

31
Q

Is the dorsal root ganglia grey matter, white matter, or both?

A

grey matter

32
Q

Is the dorsal horn grey matter, white matter, or both?

A

grey matter

33
Q

Is the cerebral cortex grey matter, white matter, or both?

A

grey matter

34
Q

Is the funiculus grey matter, white matter, or both?

A

white matter

35
Q

Is the spinothalamic tract grey matter, white matter, or both?

A

white matter

36
Q

Is the basal nuclei grey matter, white matter, or both?

A

grey matter

37
Q

Which of the following glial cells has a different developmental origin?
A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) microglia
D) oligodendrocytes
E) neurons

A

C) microglia

38
Q

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) a demyelinating disorder, is loosing myelin in her thalamus and cerebellum, which cells are being targeted?

A

oligodendrocytes

39
Q

Axons that project from gyrus to gyrus or sulcus to sulcus are known as _______________

A

arcuate fibers

40
Q

The primary visual cortex is located on the ___________ lobe

A

occipital

41
Q

The pituitary gland is associated with which brain region?

A

diencephalon

42
Q

In the primary sensory cortex, which body part is represented by neurons in the cortex within the longitudinal fissure?

A

toes

43
Q

Each thalamus is divided into groups of nuclei, the regions are anterior, medial, and __________

A

lateral

44
Q

The large bundle of projection fibers that pass within each cerebral hemisphere is called the __________________

A

internal capsule

45
Q

There are 6 brain regions. They are:

A

-cerebrum
-cerebellum
-diencephalon
-medulla
-pons
-midbrain

46
Q

The hypothalamus synthesizes some hormones itself, an example is:

A

ADH, oxytocin, etc

47
Q

The basal nuclei belong to which brain region?

A

cerebrum

48
Q

Which region of the hypothalamus has an endocrine function and releases hormones?

A

supraoptic

49
Q

Striatum or striatal is used to describe which brain region?

A

basal nuclei

50
Q

Which part of the thalamus receives visual info?

A

LGN

51
Q

Opercula are located on the parietal, frontal, and _____________ lobe

A

temporal

52
Q

The corpus callosum connects the R and L hemispheres, which of the following structures does the same but for the inferior temporal lobes?

A

anterior commissure

53
Q

The tuberal region of the diencephalon functions in

A

feeding

54
Q

Which nuclei is involved in memory consolidation?

A

mammillary

55
Q

The precentral gyrus is part of the __________ lobe

A

frontal

56
Q

What are the components of a reflex arc in order?

A

-stimulus
-receptor
-sensory neuron
-interneuron
-motor neuron
-effector
-response

57
Q

Which glial cell type is believed to be functionally related to macrophages?

A

microglia

58
Q

The limbic lobe got its name as _______________________

A

it forms a border (Latin for border)

59
Q

A bundle of axons in the PNS containing both afferent and efferent fibers

A

nerve

60
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ____________ lobe

A

temporal

61
Q

A funiculus (funiculi) is another term for

A

column

62
Q

The spinal nerve exiting between vertebrae T6 and T7 is named

A

T6

63
Q

Ventral roots contain

A

motor axons

64
Q

The internal medullary lamina (Y shape) subdivides which structure into three regions?

A

Thalamus

65
Q

A sulcus located on the medial surface of the occipital lobe.

A

Calcarine sulcus

66
Q

The motor fibers of the corticospinal tract originate in the _________?

A

Precentral gyrus

67
Q

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes?

A

Maintain ionic composition

68
Q

Which of the following cells would you find along the femoral nerve?

A

Schwann cells

69
Q

The orientation of axons within the cortex could be visualized by the _____ stain and ________ ?

A

Weigert, tract-tracing

70
Q

The large Trigeminal ganglia contains _____ and _____?

A

The soma of sensory afferents, satellite cells

Neuroanatomy 1 (22 decks)

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