Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What can be used to identify which cell is the presynaptic neuron in a micrograph of a synapse?
A) vesicles
B) axon hillock
C) voltage gated Na channels
D) dendritic spines
E) Nissl bodies
A) vesicles
Visual info from the optic nerve is processed by which nucleus of the diencephalon?
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Unconscious proprioception is relayed to the cerebellum by which spinal nucleus?
dorsal nucleus of Clarke
The white matter of the cerebellum is known as _________?
arbor vitae
The primary visual cortex is located on the _________ lobe?
occipital
The spinal nerve exiting between vertebrae T2 and T3 is named
T2
______ is located within the central canal
CSF
Where is the caudal end of the spinal cord located in a newborn?
L3
Which brain region controls hunger and thirst?
hypothalamus
Oligodendrocytes differ from schwann cells in that…
each oligodendrocyte forms multiple myelin sheaths, whereas each schwann cell forms only one myelin sheath
What are the 2 enlargements called in the spinal cord?
cervical and lumbosacral enlargement
This spinal nuclear group is the site of first order sensory processing and receives input from nociceptive afferents and collaterals from large diameter afferents
substantia gelatinosa
A typical peripheral mixed nerve includes all of the following except:
A) sensory axons
B) connective tissue
C) motor axons
D) schwann cells
E) astrocytes
E) astrocytes
A patient with multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder, is loosing myelin in her thalamus and cerebellum, which cells are being effected?
oligodendrocytes
Where would you find the red nucleus (rubrio, rubral)?
midbrain
As you look at the map of the sensory homunculus, which body region is represented most laterally?
face
The gap between 2 adjacent myelin segments along an axon is called a ______
node
The precentral gyrus of the cerebrum is functionally known as the _______________
primary motor cortex
Teledondria are part of __________
an axon
Striatum or striatal is used to describe which brain region?
basal nuclei
The volume of gray matter in the spinal cord varies at each level, where has the largest ventral and dorsal horns?
L2
Golgi type I neurons can be described as ________?
long multipolar neurons
The dorsal horn of the spinal gray matter is composed of?
Lamina I-VI
The synaptic communication where 2 different simultaneous stimuli are needed for a depolarization is called _______________
spatial summation
The marginal zone is also known as ______________
lamina I
Ventral roots contain _____________
motor axons
A bundle of axons in the PNS containing both afferent and efferent fibers
nerve
The basal nuclei belong to the (which brain region)?
cerebrum
T/F: myelinated and unmyelinated axons appear as gray matter in the CNS
false
From info shared in lecture, give a reason Dr. Attaway does not like neuroglia being described as glue
pick one:
-maintain ionic composition around neurons (homeostasis)
-modulate the rate of propagation (myelination)
-modulate synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter uptake
-guide neuronal development and axon outgrowth
-form synaptic connections
-aid or impede neural injury
-form BBB
-provide an interface between brain and immune system
-regulate interstitial fluid flow
-clean and remove debris through phagocytosis
-act as stem cells- can differentiate and divide
This type of neuron is _______________
bipolar
Which of the following would you find on the dorsal surface of the mesencephalon?
A) cerebral peduncles
B) inferior colliculus
C) middle cerebellar peduncle
D) gracile tubercle
E) decussation of pyramids
B) inferior colliculus
Pyramids contain ______________?
motor pathways
Cranial nerves are classified as part of the CNS, PNS, or both?
PNS
The caudal equina is defined as _________?
a bundle of spinal nerves
What are the components of a reflex arc in order?
1) stimulus
2) receptor
3) sensory neuron
4) interneuron
5) motor neuron
6) effector
7) response
Which of the following nuclei of the diencephalon is involved in memory consolidation?
A) paraventricular
B) dorsomedial
C) mammillary
D) arcuate
E) supraoptic
C) mammillary
This type of glial cell aids in the transfer of energy producing molecules from the bloodstream to the neuron
astrocyte
Which area of the intermediate zone is found in spinal segments T1-L2 in the small lateral horn and contains neurons that give rise to the preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers?
A) dorsal root ganglion
B) nucleus proprius
C) intermediolateral cell column
D) lateral funiculus
E) sympathetic trunk
C) intermediolateral cell column
The terms soma and perikaryon refer to the
cell body
A funiculus (funiculi) is another term for
column
Which of the following glial cell is able to move among neurons?
A) microglia
B) astrocytes
C) satelite cells
D) ependymal cells
E) Schwann cells
A) microglia
In the CNS there are most of these type of neuroglia-
astrocytes
Which lamina relays motor output to the viscera, giving rise to the efferent ANS
VII
The vestibulospinal tract is __________
motor
Which of the following terms describes a bundle of axons that also has a structural or supportive role?
A) lemniscus
B) peduncle
C) commissual
D) funiculus
E) fasiculus
B) peduncle
