Exam 2 Review Flashcards
The axons that innervate the tunica media are _______ axons
GVE
The lateral spinothalamic tract is for transmitting info on _________?
pain and temp
Which of the following is true for a postganglionic neuron?
A) is the first part of the autonomic pathway
B) releases neurotransmitters at the effector
C) its axon leaves via cranial nerves
D) has large myelinated axons
E) has its cell body in the CNS (brain or spinal cord)
B) releases neurotransmitters at the effector
Cranial placodes are ….?
thickenings of neuroectoderm adjacent to neural crest
Lamellar corpuscles are often called ____________?
pacinian
The neural tube eventually becomes the __________?
brain and spinal cord
Visceral mechano and baroreceptors transmit to the CNS via
GVA
Which event below occurs first in development?
A) glia begin myelinating
B) cervical and cephalic flexures appear
C) ANS is formed
D) telencephalon enlarges and widens
B) cervical and cephalic flexures appear
The brain flexure which develops between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon is called the
pontine
The longitudinal groove along the inner surface of the developing spinal cord is the
sulcus limitans
Which process converts the bilaminar disc into the trilaminar embryonic disc consisting of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
gastrulation
CSF is reabsorbed into dural sinuses via which mechanism?
through arachnoid villi
The subarachnoid space supplies CSF to the brain parenchyma by connecting with the ________________
perivascular space
Cisterns are ___________________
subarachnoid spaces
Which of the following connect the arachnoid mater to the pia mater?
A) arachnoid granulation
B) cisterns
C) arachnoid trabeculae
D) meningeal diverticula
C) arachnoid trabeculae
Within the 4th ventricle, the choroid plexus is located
over the inferior medullary velum
The median aperture from the 4th ventricle allows CSF to move into the ___________?
cisterna magna
Of the following, the structure most closely associated with the cerebellum is:
A) diencephalon
B) mesencephalon
C) telencephalon
D) metencephalon
E) myelencephalon
D) metencephalon
Tactile acuity can be measured by comparing the 2 point thresholds of different parts of the body. Which of these areas would you predict to have the highest acuity?
A) finger tip
B) big toe
C) forearm
D) palm of hand
E) scalp
A) finger tip
Which part of the lateral ventricle passes into the temporal lobe?
inferior horn
Neural crest cells can differentiate into:
(give 2 things)
adrenal medulla and lens of the eye
there are more things in pp, but these are the easiest to remember
Of the following, which developing neural vesicle will form the basal nuclei?
telencephalon
The blood nerve barrier (BNB) is formed by
perineurium
CSF within subarachnoid spaces can pass into the parenchyma of brain tissue by traveling along which of the following?
A) endoneurium
B) cisterns
C) perivascular spaces
D) arachnoid villi
E) dural sinuses
C) perivascular spaces
Which of the following structures induces differentiation processes in the early embryo?
A) lens placode
B) primitive streak
C) somites
D) neural crest
E) notochord
E) notochord
T/F: the composition of CSF is the same as plasma
false
_________________ transmits pain and temp
free nerve endings
Which primary vesicle will form the mature thalamus?
prosencephalon
Which of the following terms would we use to describe an effector innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions?
A) reciprocal innervation
B) dual innervation
C) multi-autonomic output
D) pre-ganglionic stimulation
B) dual innervation
Which of the following are ONLY found in glabrous skin?
A) hair follicle receptor
B) meissners
C) merkels
D) pacinian
B) meissners
Pain and temp are transmitted from cutaneous receptors to the cortex via?
spinothalamic tract
The corticospinal tract has many fibers that decussate/cross into the…
caudal medulla
The primitive streak is
the site of involution of epiblast cells to form mesoderm
An epidural hematoma would be located between which of the following?
A) dura and pia
B) cranial bone and dura
C) arachnoid and pia
D) dura and arachnoid
E) 2 layers of the dura
B) cranial bone and dura
Which system has long preganglionic axons?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
B) parasympathetic
UMNs are located in the motor cortex and the?
red nucleus
there are more locations in pp
Which class of fiber innervates smooth muscle (clue: ANS)?
GVE
Preganglionic fibers are classified as ____ fibers (ANS)
B
In the sympathetic NS, ganglia are found?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
Dural fold found curving under the cerebellum to the brainstem
falx cerebelli
Paired passageways associated with the 4th ventricle
foramen of Luschka
Which glial cell is associated with the choroid plexus?
ependymal cells
A receptor for tension, stretch and distortion
ruffini
A healthy typical human brain has ______ mL of CSF circulating at any given time
150
Fine detailed or discriminative touch travels from the peripheral receptors to the cortex via which pathway?
posterior column DCML pathway
Which class of axons would be used to bring info on hydrogen ions from viscera?
GVA
Which sensory modality is transmitted the fastest?
proprioception
Which part of the lateral ventricle passes into the occipital lobe?
posterior horn
