quiz 1

Question 1

WHO definition of health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental social well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

Public health definition by CEA winslow

Answer 2

the science / art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals

Question 3

who is CEA winslow

Answer 3

the first professor of public health at yale uni

Question 4

who is considered to be the father of public health

Answer 4

John Snow - the physician who investigated the London Cholera outbreak and traced it back to the one water pump handle

Question 5

how does the public health agency of Canada describe PH

Answer 5

PH is a population focus, it includes disease surveilance, disease and injury prevention, health protection, health emergency preparedness and response, health promotion, and relevant research undertakings

Question 6

how would you describe public health

Answer 6

the interdisciplinary and organized effort to prolong life, promote health, and prevent injury and disease. PH acknowledges the SDH and seeks to reduce health inequities. It accomplishes its goals through policy change, education and research

Question 7

what important public health events occurred in 1946

Answer 7

the WHO was founded and Tommy douglas institutes the SK provincial hospital insurance plan

Question 8

what are the five functions of public health

Answer 8

1. surveillance of population health
2. health promotion
3. disease and injury prevention
4. health protection
5. emergency health management

Question 9

values of public health

Answer 9

1) commitment to equity, social justice, sustainable development
2) recognition of the importance of the health of the community as well as the individual
3) respect for diversity and self-determination, empowerment, and community participation

Question 10

is PHAC part of health canada

Answer 10

no PHAC is separate from health canada

Question 11

who runs PHAC

Answer 11

the chief public health officer, who reports directly to the minister of health

Question 12

difference between the national, regional, and local PH institutions

Answer 12

nation - give strategic direction
regional - coordinate and plan services
local - provide services

Question 13

10 essential public health services

Answer 13

1) monitor health status to identify community problems
2) diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards
3) inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
4) mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
5) develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
6) enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7) link people with needed personal health services and ensure the provision of healthcare otherwise available
8) ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce
9) evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
10) conduct research to produce new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

Question 14

First nations health authority areas of concentration

Answer 14

1) healthy living
2) maternal, child, and family health
3) health systems support
4) environmental health and emergencies
5) communicable diseases control

Question 15

7 core competencies in public health

Answer 15

1) public health sciences
2) assessment and analysis
3) policy and program planning, implementation, and evaluation
4) partnerships, collaboration, and advocacy
5) diversity and inclusiveness
6) communication
7) leadership

Question 16

what is the big revolution of PH 3.0

Answer 16

increased emphasis on SDH, focuses on partnership and collaboration across sectors

Question 17

5 goals of PH 3.0

Answer 17

1. embrace the role of the chief health strategist - strong leadership and workforce, advance health initiatives through focusing on upstream SDH
2. establish cross-sector partnerships

3> PHAB accreditation

4. focus on actionable data - gather timely, relevant and actionable data (Data should not be a couple years old)
5. explore innovative funding - blending or braiding of funds, reinvestb

Question 18

blending of funds

Answer 18

combining 2+ funding sources into one funding stream
- benefits are that it is flexible and reduces administrative burden
- cons are that it decreases say in how funds are used, and it is difficult to track impact

Question 19

braiding of funds

Answer 19

combine many sources for a common purpose while remaining separate entities

Question 20

what is the role of local PH boards in the PH 3.0 model

Answer 20

to help form new community partnerships, advocate with stakeholders, secure funding, and support strategic efforts to address the SDH

Question 21

racialization

Answer 21

the process of attaching racial meanings in order to create inequity

Question 22

white supremacy rests on the three pillars of

Answer 22

colonialism, anti-black racism, and orientalism

Question 23

impact of racism on health

Answer 23

economic, social deprivation
increased risk of hypertension
food insecurities
environmental toxins in indigenous communities

Question 24

what is involved in structural anti-racism

Answer 24

develop race consciousness, centre the voices of racialized peopel

Question 25

what are five roles for racial health equity in public health

Answer 25

1 - build capacity to analyze and act on the structural forces that drive racial inequities 2 - knowledge - assess and report on the impact of racialization and racism 3 - interventions - modify and orient public health and social interventions to ensure that they are designed to reduce and eliminate racialized health inequities 4 - policy - policies to address racism 5 - partnerships - partner with other sectors and communities that work on racial equity

Question 26

the concept of intersectionality was largely introduced by

Answer 26

black women in the USA who were subjected to reproductive coercion

Question 27

8 principles of the intersectionality based policy analysis framework

Answer 27

intersecting categories multilevel analysis power reflexivity time and space diverse knowledges social justice equity

Question 28

what are social determinants of health

Answer 28

the social and economic factors that influence health - common examples are income, race, gender, employment status, education

Question 29

socioeconomic factors account for ____% of population health

Answer 29

40%

Question 30

health equity vs health equality

Answer 30

health equity is the absence of avoidable disparities in health by providing the supports people require based on their individual needs. Where health equality provides the same thing to everyone, health equity recognizes that different people require different supports based on individual characteristics such as the social determinants of health to reach the same health outcomes

Question 31

who developed the socio-ecological model of health

Answer 31

Urie Brofenbrenner

Question 32

describe the individual level of the socioecological model

Answer 32

these are the factors such as an individuals beliefs, attitudes, behaviours - interventions for this level include education programs and skill building for the individual

Question 33

Relationship level of the socioecological model

Answer 33

the microsystem - the closest/strongest relationships and interactions. Interventions at this level could include skill building/education for the friends and family of at risk individuals to build better support systems

Question 34

community level of the socioecological model

Answer 34

organizations and institutions, schools, work, local networks interventions here include modifying the accessibility of supports - making sure there is good access to fresh produce and physical activity complexes, partnership with groups in multiple sectors to offer support

Question 35

societal level of the socioecological model of health

Answer 35

policies, laws, societal norms interventions would advocate for awareness, change of norms, policies, regulations, and taxes

Question 36

what is the benefits of the socioecological model of health

Answer 36

it is useful in ensuring that interventions are sustainable. the social change communication approach uplifts individuals and communities to influence their societies

Question 37

vital ecological factors for health

Answer 37

food, water, O2 the ozone layer to protect from harmful UV radiation nitrogen and phosphorous cycles for nutrients biosystems to detoxify waste abundance of fertile soil fresh waters and marine systems

Question 38

key areas for ecological concern

Answer 38

climate change ecotoxicity resource depletion - driven by population growth and urbanization

Question 39

three ways education impacts health

Answer 39

- learning about healthy and harmful health behaviours (smoking bad, cardio good) - education attainment = job prospects = working conditions and satisfaction - education for social networks and perceived sense of control

Question 40

challenges of PH 3.0

Answer 40

- shifting the vision from safety net/direct health services to population health initiatives - the difficulty of making new models to form partnerships across sectors - challenging the status quo - finding new funding models

Question 41

roles of local health governing boards in PH 3.0

Answer 41

- develop cross sector partnerships - advocate with stakeholders about health initiatives - support strategic efforts towards addressing the social determinants of health - ensure stable funding