Quiz 1 Flashcards
Macromolecule
Large, complex organic molecules
- organic: contains carbon and hydrogen
Dehydration synthesis
Process to assemble macromolecules
- A covalent bonds form between a hydroxyl group from one molecule and a hydrogen atom of a molecule
Hydrolysis
Process to disassemble macromolecules
- Water is added to break a molecule into parts
Carbohydrates
Who is contain hydrogen, Carbon, and oxygen
- Provide energy storage
- Simple sugars
- Build of monosaccharides: carbohydrate with 3 to 7 carbon atoms
- Disaccharide: two simple sugars
- Polysaccharide: complex carbohydrate[many links sugars)
Lipids
Diverse group
- Insoluble in water
- Composed of one glycerol with three fatty acid(triglyceride) or one glycerol the two fatty acids( phospholipids)
Saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids: No double covalent bonds( Mostly solid at room temp)
Unsaturated fatty acids: double covalent bonds ( liquid)
Protein
Make up most cellular structures
- Polymers of amino acids
- 20 amino acids determined by the R group
- Join together by peptide bond
Nucleic acids
Carry genetic information to make proteins
- Nucleotides are linked into lawn chairs
Vitamin and minerals
Are not macromolecules, but essential to structure and function
- Serve as co-enzymes
Catalyst
A chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction but it’s not used up in the reaction
- Lower the amount of activation energy needed to initiate a reaction
- Without catalyst the reaction would
release release so much heat do to increase temperature would cause proteins to denature
Enzymes
Protein catalyst
- They have a specific shape, helping molecules together, speeding of the reaction, breaking them apart
- Molecules that fit in an enzyme are called substrates
Factors that effect enzymes
Temperature- work in an optimal temperature range?
PH: most work best at 6 to 8
Competitive inhibitors ; attach at the active site
In competitive inhibitors : attach somewhere else, and change the enzyme shape
