Excretory System

Question 1

excretory system

Answer 1

regulates the volume and composition of body fluids by removing wastes and returning needed substances to the body for reuse

Question 2

kidneys

Answer 2

contain nephrones
- release urine ionto to ureters
-urine is moved by peristalsis
-urine release is controlled by a volentary sphincter and involentaryu sphincter

Question 3

nephrones

Answer 3

tubule system where wasres are collected and excreted
-closely connected to blood supply

Question 4

three procss in nephrones

Answer 4

filtration:occurs at glomerulus
re-absorbtion: materials moving from the nephron into the blood
secretion: materials moving from the blood into the nephron

Question 5

filtration

Answer 5

occurs in glomerulus;high pressure capillary bed
-all materials in plasme except blood cells and proteins are filtered
-porous capillaries
-filtration depends upon permeability of capillaries and blood pressure

Question 6

filtrate

Answer 6

material filtered into nephron from plasma
- chemical composition is similar to plasma minus blood cells and proteins

Question 7

reabsorbtion

Answer 7

65% of filtrate passing through the proximal tube is re-absorbed

Question 8

proximal tubule

Answer 8

has many mitochondria
-acitve transport of sodium ions, glocuse, and other solutes into the blood
- charged ions move passively(attracted by charge)
-water follows by osmosis

Question 9

loop of henle

Answer 9

re-absorbs water and ions from the filtarte
descending- permeable to water,thereofre, at the bottom of the limb, sodium concentration is at it’s highest
ascending-is impermeable to water and permeable to solutes
sodium first by passive then active

Question 10

distal tubule

Answer 10

passive re-absorbtion of negative ions
-osmosis by water

Question 11

collecting duct

Answer 11

water is re-absorbed
- urine is four times as concentrated by the time it exits.

Question 12

secretion

Answer 12

primarily in distal tubule
K+ ions are actively secreted into distil tubule from capillaries
h+ is secreted to caintain blood pH
other substances not part of the body are secreted as well

Question 13

osmoreceptors

Answer 13

cells sensitive to water pressure
-located in the hypothalamus
send impulses to pituitary gland to release ADH

Question 14

ADH

Answer 14

increases the permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct
-allows more water to be re-absorbed
-travels through blood to kidneyd

Question 15

diabetes insipidus

Answer 15

ADH activity is insufficient and individuals urinate often, thirts is high and dehydration can occur

Question 16

aldosterone

Answer 16

stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions from the collecting ducts and ditsal tubuls
- stimulates the secretion of pottasium ions into the distal tubules and collecting ducts of too high in blood
-produc ed in the adrenal cortex

Question 17

blood presure maintenence

Answer 17

regulated by adjusting blood volume
-increased fluid loss means decrease blood pressure

Question 18

JGA

Answer 18

contains blood pressure receptors whoch detect low blood pressure
release renin

renin:enzyme which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin

angiotensin- causes constriction of blood vessels(more pressure)
-initaes release of aldosterone

Question 19

Hemodialysis

Answer 19

utilizes an artificial membrane in an external device that is connected to an artery and a vein in a persons arm

Question 20

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 20

utilizes the lining of the intenstines called the peritoneum as the dialysis membrane