QUIZ #1

Question 1

What is planning?

Answer 1

• ## Setting performance objectives and deciding how to achieve them

Question 2

What is organizing?

Answer 2

• Arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish work → being prepared in a sense

Question 3

What is leading?

Answer 3

• Inspiring people to work hard to achieve high performance

Question 4

What is controlling?

Answer 4

• Measuring performance and taking action to ensure results

Question 5

What is job performance?

Answer 5

ability x support x effort

Question 6

What is ability?

Answer 6

• individual must possess the right abilities - creating the capacity to perform
• good training and development from authorities
• have to have right skills to do a job

Question 7

What is effort?

Answer 7

• work hard at the task - show willingness to perform
• effort is a choice
• willingness to work hard at a task lies within that of the individual alone
• managers can attempt to motivate them

Question 8

What is support?

Answer 8

• necessary support creates opportunities to perform
• This creates a work environment rich in opportunities to apply one’s talent to the max
• Worker’s need resources, clear goals and direction
• Best information for support comes from workers themselves in feedback they give their managers (performance feedback → to know what needs to be made better)
• Ex. at school there are many tools to support student learning; computer, textbooks, etc → these could be made better, maybe more than one set of textbooks, comfortable change, better desks

Question 9

What is perceptual distortion?

Answer 9

• includes stereotyping, halo effect and selective perception and projection

Question 10

What is primary effect?

Answer 10

The tendency to form opinions about others based on first impressions

Question 11

Why are first impressions important?

Answer 11

• Our initial impression is often more influential than what we later learn about the other person
• Within 10 seconds

Question 12

Why do we expect a lot from someone who seems to be intelligent?

Answer 12

We assume that they will excel in other areas as well

Question 13

What are we wary of when someone strikes us as aggressive?

Answer 13

We perceive them as a threat

Question 14

How can first impressions become a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 14

• The way we act towards someone else strongly influence how they will act towards us
• Rude to someone, someone will be

Question 15

Why is self-fulfilling a prophecy?

Answer 15

process through which an originally false expectation leads to its own confirmation.

think you will fail and you do

Question 16

Why do we develop schemas?

Answer 16

• They help us organize what we know about the other person so that we can respond appropriately in the future
• Schemas - preconceived ideas (like shortcuts in your brain that help perceive and respond new information → bias formed) that we have

Question 17

What is a schema?

Answer 17

A schema is like a mental shortcut or pattern your brain uses to understand and remember things. It helps you make sense of new stuff by comparing it to things you already know.

Question 18

What is a stereotype?

Answer 18

A set of assumptions about people in a given category which summarizes our beliefs about groups of people

Question 19

What role do stereotypes have in developing prejudice?

Answer 19

Stereotypical shortcut may not be an accurate picture of the other group and our hasty judgment may create a false image of what they are like

Question 20

What is attribution theory?

Answer 20

Collective of principles based on our explanations of the causes other people’s behavior

This theory helps us understand how people make judgments about the reasons behind actions and events, whether they attribute them to internal factors (like someone’s personality or intentions) or external factors (like the situation or luck). In essence, it’s about understanding how and why we assign reasons or explanations to what we see and experience in the world around us.

Question 21

What is a fundamental error?

Answer 21

the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others’ behavior

Question 22

What is self-serving bias?

Answer 22

Tendency to claim success is due to our efforts, while failure is due to circumstances

Essentially, it means taking credit for the good things and blaming others or circumstances for the bad things. This bias can protect our self-esteem and maintain a positive self-image.

Question 23

What is the difference in how we usually interpret our own behavior and others’ behavior in terms of internal and external attributions?

Answer 23

We usually interpret our own behavior in terms of external attributions (when we do something wrong, we try to blame something else, like late but it was traffics fault), but the behavior of others in terms of internal attributions (but if someone else is late, they are late because they are lazy)

Question 24

What is the halo effect?

Answer 24

Occurs when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation

Question 25

Solution to halo effect?

Answer 25

Be mindful of your own biases and assumptions and challenge theme with evidence and logic

Question 26

What is selective perception?

Answer 26

the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints.

-not looking at big picture but rather

• looking only at your view points (beliefs, values, or needs that already exist)
• information tends to be selectively perceived in ways that align with existing attitudes, beliefs, and goals.

Question 27

What is projection?

Answer 27

• Assignment of personal attributes to other
• Assume that others share our needs, desires and values

Question 28

Solution to stereotyping?

Answer 28

Develop empathy for others. Try to walk in their shoes. Educate yourself about different cultures and groups. It is important to educate ourselves and continue to do self-assessments about our stereotypes and how they are potentially interfering with our interactions.

Question 29

Solution to selective perception?

Answer 29

Gather additional opinions from other people

Question 30

Solution to projection?

Answer 30

Controlled through self awareness and a willingness to communicate and empathize with others → try to see through their eyes