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Oceanography > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pelagic Deposit

A

Consists of organic material in the form of marine plants and animals as well as inorganic material. Found in deep oceans in continental slope, continental rise, trenches, and abyssal plains

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2
Q

Passive Margin

A

the transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin. Basically, not where subduction is

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3
Q

Ooze

A

Deep sea sediment containing at least 30% biogenous material

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4
Q

Calcareous ooze

A

composed of coccolithophores (planktonic algae), foraminifera (amoeba-like animal), Pteropods (snail), deposited above CCD

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5
Q

CCD

A

Calcite compensation depth

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6
Q

Silaceaous ooze

A

composed of diatoms and radiolaria, accumulates in places of high productivity and can be under the CCD

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7
Q

Turbidity Current

A

underwater landslide and causes submarine canyons

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8
Q

Seamount

A

a submarine mountain

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9
Q

Bathymetry

A

the study of underwater depth of ocean floors, lake floors, and river floors

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10
Q

Volcanic Arc

A

a belt of volcanoes formed above a subducting oceanic tectonic plate or continental plate

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11
Q

Subduction

A

the sideways or downward movement of a plate tectonic that is pushing under the Earth’s crust/mantle under another plate

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12
Q

Biogenous Sediment

A

from organisms

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13
Q

Lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

A

from land

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14
Q

Hydrogenous sediments

A

from reactions in seawater, hydrothermal vents

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15
Q

Cosmogenous sediment

A

from space

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16
Q

Hot Spots

A

Areas of intense volcanic activity that remain in more or less the same location over long periods of geologic time and are unrelated to plate boundaries

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17
Q

Intrusive Rock

A

magma that cooled slowly underground

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18
Q

Extrusive rock

A

magma that cooled quickly

19
Q

Active Margin

A

A zone where the plate tectonics are active

20
Q

Submarine Canyon

A

Steep sided valleys that are used to transport sediment from land and continental shelf to deep sea

21
Q

Mid-ocean Ridge

A

Due to divergent plate boundaries, a mid ocean ridge is created that is a continuous underwater mountain range that winds through every ocean basin and is also a place where new seafloor is being created (spreading zone)

22
Q

continental shelf

A

the submerged part of the continental that slopes down to the ocean floor

23
Q

Lithification

A

transform a material into stone

24
Q

Abyssal Plains

A

an underwater plain that forms from suspension settling of fine sediment; cover about 1/3 of the planet; starts at the end of the continental rise

25
Q

Trench

A

Are created by two convergent plates subduction zone and are deep trenches

26
Q

Continental slope

A

The area located between the seaward edge of the continental shelf and abyssal plains; has a steep edge and is before the continental rise

27
Q

Convergent

A

One plate subducts under the other

28
Q

Divergent

A

Plates move away from each other

29
Q

Transform

A

Plates “slide” past each other

30
Q

Deep Sea Fan

A

The sediment deposits at the mouth of the submarine canyon fan out into a fan shape

31
Q

Continental Rise

A

the transition zone between the continental slope and the abyssal plain; under the continental slope

32
Q

Metamorphic rock

A

A rock that is form due to extreme heat and pressure that used to be another rock

33
Q

Neritic Deposit

A

sediment deposits near the continental margin

34
Q

Hydrothermal vent

A

sea floor hot springs created when cold seawater seeps down along cracks and fractures in the ocean crust and approaches an underground magma chamber. Water is then heated up and makes it way back to the surface exiting through the seafloor

35
Q

warm-water vents

A

have water temps below 30 C and generally emit water clear in color

36
Q

white smokers

A

have water temps from 30 to 350 C and emit water that is white because of the presence of various light colored compounds like barium and sulfide

37
Q

black smokers

A

have water temps above 350 C and emit black colored water because of the dark metal compounds in it

38
Q

Wilson cycle

A

Plates are a continuous process: ocean basins are repeatedly created & destroyed and land masses repeatedly collide & join

39
Q

Well sorted/moderately sorted sediment

A

has grains the same size bc it has been transported for a long time/distance and is deposited in a fairly consistent energy environment

40
Q

Poorly sorted sediment

A

has a wide range of grain sizes because it hasn’t travelled for a long time/distance and the energy in the environment fluctuates too much

41
Q

highly spherical sediment grain

A

indicates lots of travel/erosion

42
Q

low sphericity (angular) sediment grain

A

indicates short period of travel/erosion

43
Q

Rock Cycle

A

Review it broski

Oceanography (7 decks)

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