Marine Bio quiz 2

Question 1

Producer

Answer 1

An organism that can make its own food.

Question 2

Consumer

Answer 2

An organism that depends on other living things for food.

Question 3

Suspension / Filter Feeding

Answer 3

Capturing food by filtering out particles floating in water or drifting through air.

Question 4

deposit feeding

Answer 4

take in detritus and sediment from deposits to extract usable organic matter

Question 5

carnivorous feeding

Answer 5

Organisms directly capture and eat other animals. EATING OTHERS!!!

Question 6

trophic level

Answer 6

each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.

TL;DR Levels of the food chain or feeding stages

Question 7

trophic cascade

Answer 7

indirect effects in a community that are initiated by a predator

Question 8

Food Web

Answer 8

A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

Question 9

Epifauna

Answer 9

Animals that live on the SURFACE of the substrate

Question 10

Infauna

Answer 10

animals that BURROW in the substrate
INfauna = IN the ground

Question 11

Nektobenthos

Answer 11

swim or crawl through water (close) above the seafloor

Question 12

Meiofauna

Answer 12

Microscopic organisms living in between marine sediment particles. This category is defined by SIZE.

Question 13

intertidal zone

Answer 13

The natural organization of of ecosystems relative to sea level

Question 14

High Tide Zone

Answer 14

Relatively dry and is covered only by the highest high tides. Most organisms have a protective covering, biggest worry is desiccation (drying out).

Question 15

Middle Tide Zone

Answer 15

Constant sea water, more soft animals, more biomass than high tidal zone. Biggest threat is completion for space

Question 16

Low Tide Zone

Answer 16

has the most shit. Always submerged, abundance of algae (red) hide sea creatures. Threats include predation and wave energy

Question 17

subtidal zone

Answer 17

the coastal life zone that remains underwater (below low tide)

Question 18

Phylum Porifera

Answer 18

Sponges
Sedentary benthic animal
Simple - loose aggregative of cells (spicules for support)
Rely on the constant flow of water
Water enters through tiny pores (ostia) and exits through large, often volcanic pores (oscula).

Question 19

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 19

Jellies, Anemones, Corals
Radial symmetry
Mouth only (where waste also leaves, doubles as anus)
Tentacles with cnidocytes/nematocysts (stinging cells)
Mesoglea (acellular goo, squishy stuff)
Grab and sting

Question 20

Phylum Ctenophora

Answer 20

Comb Jellies (annoying, confusing)
IMPOSTER jelly
Ciliary combs, little hairs that help locomotion (shiny cilia)
Two holes and no tentacles

Question 21

Phylum Annelida

Answer 21

segmented worms

Question 22

Phylum Mollusca

Answer 22

Snails, clams, muscles, octopuses, squids
Squishy, muscular body with mantle, head-foot, and visceral mass. Shell (in most)
Radula (rasping file-like tongue for feeding) in all except bivalves

subdivided by the NUMBER of shells, EX:
Class: Gastropoda: Used to have shells but lost to evolution. Evolved to take toxins from food. Bright colors to warn.
Class: Bivalvia: Two cells

Question 23

Phylum Arthropoda

Answer 23

Subphylum Crustacea (crabs and more hard guys)
Segmented body, internal and externally
paired, joined appendages
Exoskeleton made of chiton
Molting (to grow)

Question 24

Phylum Echinodermata

Answer 24

radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers
Tube feet ( water vascular system)
Calcium carbonate ossicles
Nerve Net (no brain)

Question 25

Phylum Chordata

Answer 25

Tunicates (a.k.a. Sea squirts or ascidian)
Notochord (precursors to the spinal cord)

Question 26

Bivalve

Answer 26

A mollusk that has two shells held together by hinges and strong muscles.