Quiz 1 Flashcards
anatomy
study of body structure
histology
study of tissue (microscopic)
physiology
study of NORMAL organism function
pathology
study causes and effects of disease with lab exam and samples
SEM
3d image
light microscope
not as good resolution??
hematoxylin
stains nucleic acids – blue (DNA/RNA)
eosin
stains cytoplasm pink
trichrome
collagen is blue, epithelium and muscle is red/orange
verhoeff-van gieson elastic stain
- stains elastic fibers black (think artery)
periodic acid Schiff
PAS, stains mucopolysacc magenta (fungi cell wall)
grocott methenamine silver
(GMS), stains type III collagen, fungus and microbes black
Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast bacilli stain
AFB stains microbacteria like tb and leprosy
blue stain for granules
is hematoxylin
immunocytochem/histochem
- stain to see inside cells…can binnd specific targets using antibody with dye tag
- also can be fluoro
4 types of tissue
epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous
epithelium embroyonic derivation
branchial arches
- all are covered by ectoderm externally
- endoderm lines internal surfaces
- mesoderm is middle
ectodermal origin tissues:
epithelium of all OUTSIDE stuff
- mouth, nose, sinus, skin, hair, nails, glands that push stuff out
- oil gland (sebaceous), sweat gland (eccrine), salivary
- cornea
- tooth
- anal canal
endodermal origin tissues
- from mouth to anus, respiratory, liver, pancreas, endocrine gland
mesodermal origin
- kidney and ureter, adrenal cortex, gonnads
- endothelium of blood vessels and lymph (vasculature)
- mesothelium (pericardium, pleura, male internal organs, peritoneium)
epithelium function
- skin: barrier, thermo, sweat, make vit d
- intestine absorb
- glands secrete
- teeth make enamel matrix
simple vs complex or strat
- 1 cell vs many cell
columnar and squamous shape
column and pillow
basement membrane
- basal laminna, connects all epithelium to connective tissue
- protein and polysacc only
simple squamous
- endo and mesothelium
- do gas exchange and protect
simple cuboidal
- glands, kidney tubules, thyroid follicles
- do absorption, secretion, ion transport
simple columnar
- intestinal lining, ameloblast
- absorbption and secretion
- nucleus is on the basal side
stratified squamous epithelium
- arranged in layers
- this is skin, hair nails, etc.
pseudostrat columnar
- respiratory track
- appears layered (but only one)
- ciliated
- can have mucus secreting goblet cells
transitional epithelium
- can contract and expand
- only in bladder (thinn when full)
cytokeratins
- made by all epithelial cells
- intermediate filament proteins (give cell structure)
epithelial cell polarity
- apical is free surface with cilia/villi/etc
- lateral surface is for cell adhesion
- basal surface is for adhesion to mem
apical specialization
- microvili: actin
- stereocilia: long vili
- cilia: microtubule 9+2 thing made with tubulin
**all epi has at least 1 cilia
tight junction
- found near apical surface, lateral wall
- protein complex where cell mem join together
- determine and maintain polarity
- no water and solute can go btw (paracellular) ONLY transcellular (pump nutrients thru)
gap junctionns
- connect cyto together
- allow passage of small molecules btw cells so communication
- 6 proteins each make connexin
see photoes
mew
exocrine vs endocrine gland
- exocrine: duct stuff that goes outside
- endogrine make hormones that go into blood
merocrine secretion
- vesicle fuse to membrane on apical surfae and exocytosis of stuff
- pancreas, salivary gland, tears
apocrine secretion
- secretion buds off of cell and goes off
- breast milk
holocrine secretion
- product and dead cell are released together
- oil glands
unicellular gland
- single cell makes the secretion
- goblet cell (pseudostrat)
multicellular gland
- a bunch of cells together secrete stuff
- lots of complex patterns
