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D1 BS1 + II/ FSI + II > FSII mod 2 > Flashcards

FSII mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

phagocytes are and do what

A
  • neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell
    antibacterial immunity and cell bacterial infections
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2
Q

FC gamma R3A (CD16A)

A

antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
NK cells for virus and tumor THIS IS APOPTOSIS

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3
Q

FC epsilon RI

A

HIGH AFFINITY ADCC with IgE and Eosinophil AND some IgG
Helminth death

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4
Q

FC epsilon RI and mast cells

A

Mast cells increase mucous, intestinal mobility, recruit inflame, secretion of IL5 leading to more production of eosinophils
- for microbes

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5
Q

FC epsilon RI and eosino

A

IgE bound by FC epsilon Rs on eosino leading to degranulation and release of proteins
Fab portion reacts with epitopes on helminth and FC region binds to receptors of eosino.

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6
Q

c3a,4a,5a

A

are NOT attached to cell surfaces and increase perm of blood vessels along with IgG and IgM
Involves mast cell, neutrophils, monocyte and macrophage

**3 and 5 do mast dell degranulation during IgE stim

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7
Q

c3b

A

s attached to surface. Bacteria is coated with it and IgG then brings it to FC gamma RI receptor to do lysosome
Neutrophil and macrophage

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8
Q

b cell class switch IFNy

A

IgG

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9
Q

b cell class switch Il4

A

IgE

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10
Q

b cell class switch TGF b

A

IgA
- esp in mucosa

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11
Q

describe MHC

A

heterodimeric glycoproteins composed to 2 noncovalently associated polypeptide chains and have a groove for peptide binding site

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12
Q

what has MHC class 2

A

Found on B cell, macrophage, dendritic cells and activated T cells thymus epi

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13
Q

cd4 differentiation Il 12

A

Th1

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14
Q

cd4 differentiation Il 4

A

th2

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15
Q

il 2 t cells

A

autocrine clonal selection

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16
Q

dendritic cells uptake antigen

A

VIRUS uptake antigen via macropino and phago and MHC strongest on lymph tissue. FOR PROTEIN ANTIGENS

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17
Q

MACROphage uptake antigen

A

BACTERIA uptake antigen via phase, MHC can be induced by bac. FOR CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE

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18
Q

b cells uptake antigen

A

antigen uptake unique since endocytosis, cut it and present to CD4 ALSO activates itself. FOR HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CD4

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19
Q

antigen processing and presenting MHC class 2

A

XCELL endocytosis to phagolyso then presented to CD4 cell

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20
Q

antigen processing and presenting MHC class 1

A

mostly intracell and in proteasome already then presented to CD8
- self proteins, viral, intracell bac, fungi and parasites or tumors

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21
Q

th1 cells

A
  • IFNY
    activate macrophage and elim intracell path OPSONIN

Effector fun: antigen receptor, then APC cytokines and ligand interaction then IL2 to autoprolif then IFN y to class switch to IgG, macrophage activation and complement
Good for intracell bacteria that live in phagosomes of phagocytes!!!
They stim the phagocyte to kill the bacteria itself, no two signals needed.
After, it also increase expression of moles for T cell activation, secretion of inflame cytokines to bring in more WBC

  • TB CELLS and the granuloma!!!! and delayed hypersensitivity
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22
Q

th2 cells

A

Il4 and 5
phagocyte independent immune fins
Effector fun: HEMLINTHS/incell paths
Il4 to stim macrophage for TISSUE REPAIR, make mucous and move intestine AND class switch to IgE and mast cell degranulation
Il5 for eosinophils

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23
Q

th 17

A

incude inflam, make antimicrobial peptides aka defensins.

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24
Q

treg

A

Maintain tolerance against self when bad T cells get OUT of 1 organ

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25
Q

types of rejection + what blocks it

A

Hyperactive: min to hr
Acute rejection: CD4,8 NK. 10-30 days
Chronic reject: months to years
cyclosporine will block t cell cytokine Il 2 so no reject
Leads to gingival overgrowth

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26
Q

Microbe immunity innate

A

epi barrier, phagocytes, dendritic cells, mast, NK, complement

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27
Q

microbe immunity adaptive

A

B lymph and antibodies, t lymph

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28
Q

XCell bac infections

A

B cells: neutralization, opsonization and Fc mediated phase, phase of C3b coated bac, inflame, lysis using mem attack complex
APC activate CD4 then release cytokines like IFNy and IL 17 so inflame, macrophage activation, antibody response

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29
Q

incell bac infection

A

innate: neutrophils, macrophage, NK cells
Adaptive: cd4 cells then macrophage via IFN y then kills bac in phagolysosome then cd8 comes and kills macrophage

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30
Q

virus mech

A

innate: block binding of virus to cell, OR NK cell kills infected
Adaptive: B cell neutralizes so virus can’t get in OR cd8 kills infected

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31
Q

parasites and protozoa

A

Th1 cells for ones that reside in macrophage *cell mediated)
Defense against infection is th2 leading to IgE and eosinophils

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32
Q

Cell interstitial spaces, blood lymph: viruses, bac, protozoa, fungi, worms

A

immune: antibodies, complement, phagocytosis, neutralization. This is humoral immunity
Th2 + th1
MHC class 2 on B cell + makes antibodies

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33
Q

epi surfaces infected

A

antibodies like IgA esp, antimicrobial peptides aka defensins

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34
Q

intracell cytoplasm infection

A

NK and cytotoxic t
MHC class 1

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35
Q

intracell vescicles

A

th1 cell and NK cell dependent macrophage activation
MHC class 2 on infected macrophage
- binds MHC2 with cd4 cell then release INFY to stim macrophage and use cd8 to kill macrophage apoptosis

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36
Q

IL1b cytokine

A

activates endothelium

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37
Q

tnf a

A

increases vascular perm + endothelium

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38
Q

IL6

A

wbc activation
- make acute phase proteins like mannose binding lectin, fibrinogen and c reactive protein

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39
Q

il 8

A

chemotactic, recruits neutro

40
Q

il 12

A

Nk activating

41
Q

who makes defensins

A

Usually cationic proteins made by epic, neutrophils, alveolar macrophage and found on mucosa. Puncture cell walls

42
Q

tlr2

A

works with 1 and 6 for LTA

43
Q

tlr4

A

dsRNA

44
Q

tlr7

A

ssRNA

45
Q

tlr9

A

CpG DNA

46
Q

damps

A

sense self trauma.
Nucleic acids, histones, heat shock proteins (released OUT)
Work with TLR4 especially

47
Q

soluble pattern recog molec

A

pentraxins, collecting and ficolins
Detect unique carb motifs on bac, fungi and virus and also damaged self
Collections can activate complement
They cluster the microbes and neutralize, opsonin, inflame, complement on, interact with FCy and cytokine (pentraxins)
Pentraxin PTX3: is predecessor of antibody!!! Ante antibody and have same functions

48
Q

how do neutropjhils killc ells

A

superoxide anion through oxidative burst of cell

49
Q

ILC

A

Innate lymphoid cells
ILC are lymphocytes but No t or b antigen receptors!!!
Found on barrier surfaces where they regulate immunity, infram and tissue repair
Immune tolerance to gut

50
Q

ILC 1

A

or bac and virus for immunity against virus, intracell bac and parasites, tumors
- paired with TH1 since both make IFNy

51
Q

ILC2

A

eosino helminths
th2 partner. both make IL4,5

52
Q

ILC 3

A

IL17 then antimicrobial peptides for immunity against extracell bac and fungi

53
Q

CD8 innate partner is

A

NK cell: both do INFy and perforin

54
Q

interferons

A

made in response to inflame or infection
Type 1 or a/b: made by most cells like epic and fibroblasts
Resistance to viral rep, increase MHC1 in app and activate NK cells
IFNa and B
Basically tell cell that is NEXT to the virus infected cell to release antiviral proteins to degrade viral MRNA so virus can’t rep
Corona messed with this by stopping IFN
Innate

55
Q

type 2 interferons

A

gamma; made by lymphocytes
Do host control of viral rep in COLDS and infections

56
Q

NLRP3 complex

A

Signal 1: Nf- kappa B activation after detect something with TLR4 then increased expression of inactive NLRP3 and IL1B
Signal 2 is activation of NLRP3 then assembly of complex and cascade 1 on so turns on IL1b
activation of MAMPS/DAMPS, potassium efflux, lysosome damage, mito damage and endogenous damage

57
Q

inflammasome

A

multiprotein complex that assemble in cytosol after exposure to MAPM or DAMP and activate C2 then cleave IL1B that is secreted
Mediate protection against infection and inflame

58
Q

acute phase proteins

A

proteins in plasma that increase during infection and inflammation
Bacteria induce macrophage to make IL6 then make acute phase proteins like mannose binding lectin, fibrinogen and c reactive protein
C reactive protein binds phosphorylcholine on bac then opsonin and complement activated
Mannose binding lectin also opsonin and complement

59
Q

cytokine storm

A

done by 5a

60
Q

anti inflamm mech

A

IL 10 and TGFb made by macrophage and Treg
Downreg inflame, termination of neutrophil recruitment, clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by tissue phago, tissue repair

61
Q

Efferocytosis

A

phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by tissue macrophages
- eat me signal
Macrophages are reprogrammed and downreg proinflam cytokines and upregulate antiinflam
DEL1 protein physically links apoptotic neutrophils to macrophages BRIDGE and facilitates clearance of apoptotic cells

62
Q

adaptive vs innate genetics

A

Adaptive memory
Is permanent genetic changes like gene recombination and somatic hypermutation
innate is epigenetic, rewiring chromatin NOT perm so lasts short

63
Q

B glucan

A

major cell wall constituent of fungi and induces epigenetics + interacts with dectin 1 on macrophage
- cross protection thing
- tumors!!! BUT also can be hypertrained for inflammation and neutrophils leading to stuff

64
Q

vaccines work using

A

innate immune memory and adjuvant!!

65
Q

immunogenic epitopes

A

organic, proteins, size, complexity, charge, foreignness, mode of administration and genetic constitution

66
Q

how many types of iga and g

A

2 iga and 4 igg

67
Q

fc region

A

effector function of antibody is in heavy chain constant region

68
Q

can calculate an ___ for antibody interaction

A

affinity constant

69
Q

how can antibody be found

A

in plasma mem of b cell (antigen receptor), associated with fc receptor on cells or in sol form

70
Q

ITAM and ITIM

A

a is activation, i is inhibition

71
Q

mucosa antibody

A

dimeric IgA

72
Q

epi + endo antibody

A

IgE
- NO ANTIBODY IN BRAIN

73
Q

IgG function

A

complement, opsonization, adcc with nk cells and cross placenta

74
Q

IgE function

A

basophil and mast degranulation, ADCC with eosino

75
Q

neutralization of virusq

A

happens via blocking attachment at receptor binding site
- antibody varibal regions Iga, M and G

76
Q

features of mucosa

A
  • interact with lymph in discrete compartments and has unique antigen uptake mech
77
Q

what changes in class switch

A

b cells make 1 variable chain but in switch, changes its heavy chain constant region part

78
Q

helminth immunity

A
  • mast cells: increase mucous, digestive motion, recruit WBC< secretion of Il5 so more eosino
  • IgE: bound to fcE on eosino leading to degranulation
  • also a bit of IgG
79
Q

t cell antigen receptor structure

A

a and b chains with constnat and variable regions and cd3

80
Q

cytotoxic t cell diff

A

0 CD4 helper can produce cytokines with APC so costim
- CD4 can enhance ability of APC to stim cd8
- if apc is directly infected or has phago a path, can stim without cd4

81
Q

primary vs secondary humoral immune response

A
  • primary is Igm
  • secondary is IgG, A or E and stronger more specific response
82
Q

antibody structure

A
  • 110 aa are variable
  • remaining 110 and 330 are constant
  • carb side groups increase sol, stop degredation and enhance fc domains
83
Q

what stops rolling neutrophi9l

A

pentraxin 3 binds endothelial p selectin

84
Q

what stops chemokine induced activation of b2 integrin

A

aka LFA1
- growth diff factor 15

85
Q

what stops firm adhesion of neutrophil

A

endothelial del 1 binds lfa1 to stop adhesion

86
Q

how do neutrophils enter tissue

A

rolling adhesion then tight binding of LFA 1 on neutro and iCAm on endo
- diapedesis
- if CD18 mutation then less LFA1 and less neutrophil in infected areas

87
Q

prrs vs t cell receptor genetics

A

prr are encoded in germline where t cell receptors and b cell are generated randomly by gene recombination

88
Q

antibody vs t cell infection moderation

A

b cells do extracell. t cells do intracell

89
Q

bacteria involve

A

macrophage, dendritic cell, neutrophil

90
Q

virus involve

A

dendritic cell, neutrophil

91
Q

parasites involve

A

neutrophil and eosino

92
Q

c5 to 9

A

is NOT apoptosis!!!

93
Q

what allows cd8 to bind class 1 and cd4 to bind class 2

A

cd8 can bind polymorphic and non
- cd4 can onl6 do nonpolymorph

94
Q

whats in inflammasome

A

Consist of : cytosolic PRR (NLR) protein that detects DAMPs/PAMPS
Adaptor protein ASC
Cascade 1 (or procaspase inactive)

95
Q

inflammation on vascular endo

A

vasodilation, adhesion molec, loosen cell junctions (tight) and clot microvessels

96
Q

dna vs histone meth

A

dna meth is always off , which histone meth depends on situation

97
Q

key reg mech of trained immunity

A

TCA (fumerate and acetyl coa), chromatin, gene expression
- same mech in worms lol

D1 BS1 + II/ FSI + II (12 decks)

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