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D1 BS1 + II/ FSI + II > origins > Flashcards

origins Flashcards

1
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

pharynx

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

sebaceous gland

A

ectoderm, holocrine

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4
Q

eccrinen gland

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

salivary gland

A

ectoderm, merocrine and multiglandular

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6
Q

mammary glannd

A

ectoderm, apocrine

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7
Q

posterior pituitary gland

A

ectoderm, neural tube
- oxytocin and ADH to kidney NOT MADE HERE

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8
Q

pineal gland

A

ectoderm

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9
Q

epithelium of blood + lymph vessles

A

mesoderm

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10
Q

andrenal cortex origin

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

cytokeratins

A

made by all epithelium cells
-intermediate filament

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12
Q

grocott methenamine silver

A

stains type iii collagen, fungus and microbes black

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13
Q

siehl neelsen acid fast bacilli stain

A

stains microbes purple

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14
Q

silver stain

A

stains reticulin black

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15
Q

wrights stains

A

stains rBC pink

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16
Q

connective tissue

A

mesoderm

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17
Q

connective tissue function

A

SEDS
- structure
exchange
defense
storage of fat

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18
Q

macrophage in liver

A

kuppfer cells

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19
Q

macrophage in skin

A

langerhans

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20
Q

somatic system

A

impulses directly transmitted to skeletal muscle via 1 neuron

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21
Q

autonomic

A

PNS
- impulse transmitted to autonomic ganglia then second neuron to the muscles
- fight or flight

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22
Q

endocrine gland

A

endocrine

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23
Q

liver

A

ENDODERM

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24
Q

pancreas

A

endoderm

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25
Q

respiratory tract

A

endoderm

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26
Q

kidney

A

mesoderm

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27
Q

gonads

A

mesoderm

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28
Q

endothelium

A

mesoderm

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29
Q

what is mesothelium

A

epithelium of various body cavities:

  • thoracic (pleura)
  • abdominal (peritoneum)
  • pericardium (heart sac)
  • male internal organs
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30
Q

cytokeratins

A
  • produced by all epithelial cells in the cytoplasm (serves as a marker)
  • intermediate filament proteins
  • give cells their architecture
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31
Q

all cells have

A

1 cillis

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32
Q

multicell exocrine gland

A
  • all cells produce the secretion together
  • simple: intestinal
  • compound: salivary
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33
Q

kidney functions

A

A - acid base balance
W - water removal
E - erythropoeisis
T - toxin removal
B - blood pressure control
E - electrolyte balance
D - vit D activation

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34
Q

kidney capsule

A
  • outer layer is fibroblast
  • inner is myofibroblast
  • dense irregular connective
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35
Q

renal medulla and calyx

A
  • 6-12 renal pyramids
  • apex of each is minor calyx
  • major = 2-3 minor
  • renal pelvis joins the ccalyces
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36
Q

what is in a nephron

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • proximal connvluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • distal ct
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37
Q

where is macula densa found and how does it work

A
  • btw ascending loop and dct
  • sense low concentration of na, trigger jga cells to release renin etc and shut off naturetic peptides
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38
Q

what does aldosterone do

A
  • acts on connecting tubules and collecting ducts
  • increases na and water
  • k secretion
  • increases bp and volume
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39
Q

natriuresis peptides

A
  • vasodilation
  • inhibit reninn release
  • decrease bp
  • more sodium and water out
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40
Q

what is in kidney cortex

A
  • renal corpuscle
  • tubular network
  • medullary rays
  • a bit of loop and collecting duct too
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41
Q

tubular network

A
  • convoluted and straight tubes of nephron
  • connecting tubules
  • collecting ducts
  • rich vasculature
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42
Q

medullary rays

A
  • straight and collecting ducts
  • for water??
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43
Q

whats in kidney medulla

A
  • straight tubes, collecting duct, vasa recta, medullary pyramid with cortical column
  • bulk of loop of henle
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44
Q

pee path

A
  • collecting duct, minor calyx, major, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
  • three openings
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45
Q

where is transitional epi found

A
  • urinary bladder
  • calyces
  • ureters
  • urethra initial segment
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46
Q

what is in lamina propria

A
  • part of mucosa
    eosinophile
  • lymph tissue called galt
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47
Q

what glands secrete into mucosa

A
  • mucosal, submucosal, extramural (from liver and pancreas)
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48
Q

tissue layers respiratory of esophagus tract

A

in to out:
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- serosa
- adventita

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49
Q

where to find adventitia mucus

A
  • thoracic portion of esophagus, duodenum, ascending and descending colon, anal canal
  • connective tissue that fixes stuff to wall
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50
Q

parietal cells make

A

hcl and intrinsic factor (binds b12)

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51
Q

what is in gastric juice

A
  • water, electro, hcl, pepsin, mucus, IF
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52
Q
  • submucosa of duodenum
A
  • has brunner glands that secrete basic stuff
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53
Q

b12 absorption

A
  • binds to haptocorrin in salivary and stomach then broken in stomach by IF. then taken to duodenum, rebound by HC and then absorbed by SI
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54
Q

large intestine mucosa

A
  • smooth with no villi and stuff
  • no paneth cells in the crypts
  • lamina propria has LOTS of GALT with little lymph drainage
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55
Q

vascular endothelium

A
  • simple squamous epi
  • makes growth factors and mediators
  • modulates blood flow and vascular resistance
  • no spontaneous clotting
  • regulars immune and innflammatory response
  • metabolize L and VLDL
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56
Q

tunica intima

A
  • simple squam endolthelium
  • arteries have elastic mem
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57
Q

tunica media and how to stain

A
  • smooth muscle
  • elastic fibers
  • external elastic mem (not present inn arterioles)
  • VVG stain
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58
Q

tunica adventitia

A
  • dense irregular connective tissue
  • has vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum for large things
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59
Q

connective tissue skeleton of heart

A
  • tricuspid (ra to rv)
  • pulmonary (rv/ pa)
  • mitral or biscuspid (la/lv)
  • aortic. valve (lv/aorta)
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60
Q

where does coronary artery originate from

A

ascending aorta

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61
Q

heart calculation

A

cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

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62
Q

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

A
  • left side with 3/4 fluid
  • drained by subclavian vein
  • right drained by right lymph duct
    *both empty into junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins, then inferior vena cava, then heart
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63
Q

where to find b cells in lymph node

A
  • in geminal centers using CD20 immunohistochem
  • t cells are found outside of that
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64
Q

what is in upper tract respiratory

A
  • nasal cavities, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx, oropharnyx
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65
Q

lower tract respiratory

A
  • larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (from foregut endoderm)
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66
Q

where does cartiledge end and what is the cell type

A
  • in bronchioles
  • also lined by ciliated cuboidal epi
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67
Q

where do ciliated cells end

A
  • alveolar duct (a bit sooner)
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68
Q

order of air

A

tertiary bronchus, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronciole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli

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69
Q

where is pulmonary lobule

A

terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronciole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli

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70
Q

where is pulmonary acinus

A

respiratory bronciole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli

**has its own blood supply!

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71
Q

where to find surfactant secreting cells + cell type

A

bronchioles and alveoli
- clara, club or bronchial exocrine cells, type II alveolar cells
- not cilliated, cuboidal

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72
Q

where to find type I alveolar and macrophages

A
  • in alveoli
  • type I is simple squam
  • macrophages are dust cells
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73
Q

co2 cycle in lung

A

goes into blood as co2, binds either HB OR gets converted in HCO3- by carbonic anhydrase using water
- then goes opposide and released as co2 and water in lung

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74
Q

bronchial circulation

A
  • supply all lung BUT not alveoli (they have pulmonary circulation with 4 veins)
  • crosses with pulmonary venules
  • most of this blood leaves lung via pulmonary vein
  • some is sent to superior vena cava so IT MIXES WITH OX BLOOD then to azygos vein
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75
Q

prepuce of genital organ

A

ectoderm

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76
Q

alimentary tract

A

endoderm

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77
Q

gi tractk

A

endoderm

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78
Q

respiratory tract

A

endoderm

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79
Q

liver

A

endo

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80
Q

pancreas

A

endo

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81
Q

where to find simple columnar cells

A

intestinal linning, ameloblasts

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82
Q

where to find simple cuboidal cells

A

ducts, kidney tubules, thyroid follicles

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83
Q

which cells originate in bone marrow

A

NEB, lymphocyte, plasma cell, mast cell

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84
Q

myofibroblasts

A

can be derived from things other than fibroblasts

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85
Q

mast cells can be stained with and secrete what?

A

toluidine blue, purple
secrete heparin and histamine

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86
Q

where do macrophages mature

A

in connective tissue

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87
Q

where to find reticulin

A
  • around adipose and liver sinusoids
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88
Q

whats inside loose connective tissue

A

fixed cells, collagen, elastin, ground substance, fluid, nerve and blood

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89
Q

where to find dense irregular connective tissue

A

dermis, lamina propria
- capsule of kidney and lymph node

90
Q

skeletal muscle

A

mesoderm

91
Q

how is skeletal muscle made

A

myoblast, myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle fascicle

92
Q

where to find smooth muscle

A

gi tract, urinay, blood vessel walls, respiratory, skin dermis

93
Q

multiunit smooth muscle

A

has its own nerve supply
- contract independently

94
Q

unitary smooth muscle

A

gap junctions, few nerves synapse with fibers, can’t contract independently, autonomic

95
Q

rolling smooth muscle

A
  • each cell has external lamina, variable thickness sheets that are perp
96
Q

whats in grey matter

A

cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, neuroglial cells

97
Q

sensory neuronn

A
  • short axon
  • receptor
  • lonng dendron
  • cell body in dorsal ganglia of spine
  • afferent
98
Q

motor neuron

A
  • long axon
  • no receptor
  • cell body with dendrites in brain and spinal chord
  • efferent
99
Q

neuroglial cells

A
  • astrocyte, microglia, ependymal, oligodendrocyte, schwann cell
100
Q

where do microglia come fro

A

yolk sac!

101
Q

oligodendro

A

electrical insulation, myelin in CNS

102
Q

ependymal cells

A

cuboidal epi cells, line brain ventricles, line central spinal chord canal

103
Q

schwann cells

A

form myelinn and unmyelinated axon sheaths on PNS

104
Q

autonomic vs somatic

A
  • somatic does skeletal muscle via one neuro
  • autonomic transmit to ganglion
105
Q

review cranial nerves

A
  • I and II are part of CNS and coem from forebrain/ cerebrum
  • the rest come from brainstem
106
Q

hyaline cart + stain

A

most abundant, type II
- stains with HE and trichrome

107
Q

elastic cart + stain

A

type II collagen and elastic
- stains with VVG

108
Q

fibrocart

A

strong and resistant
- type I and II collagen
- found in joints and vertebra

109
Q

perichondrium

A
  • dense, fibrous, irregular ct that overlies cart
    _ NOT found in fibrocart
110
Q

what is in cart matrix

A
  • mostly water to resist compression, collagen and elastic
  • rich inn aggrecans so proteoglycans
111
Q

organic bone

A

type I , glycoprotins and bone cells
- allows for mineralization

112
Q

osteoprogenitor cells + where are they

A
  • inner layer of periosteum
  • line the haversian canal
  • can divie indo ostoblasts OR condrogenic cells
113
Q

osteoblasts

A
  • cuboidal or short columnar
  • make matrix including glycoproteins
  • have PTH receptor to allow ca release
  • on surface of osteon do it shrinks as bone is made
114
Q

osteoclasts

A
  • originate from monocytes that merge together!
115
Q

periosteum

A
  • covers all bones
  • sharpy fibers
  • dense CT
  • contain some osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts
116
Q

endosteum

A
  • inner lining of bone
  • monolayer of osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts
117
Q

perichondrium vs periosteum

A
  • he perichondrium is a dense layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers many types of cartilage in the body, whereas the periosteum is a thin layer of membranous connective tissue that covers all bones in the body
118
Q

white blood cells

A

NEB and lymphocytes and monocytes

119
Q

NEB and nuclear lobes

A

N is trilobed
E is bilobed
B has three line nucleus

120
Q

neutrophil maturation

A
  • promyeloccyte with azurophilic (non specific granules) myeloperoxidase
  • myelocyte (specific granule)
  • metamyleocyte (gelatinase as tertiary granule)
  • neutrophil with secretory granule

ASGS

121
Q

cardiac veinns

A
  • venous drainage enters coronary sinus
  • drains into RA
122
Q

what monitors heart

A

CNS via specialized receptors

123
Q

av node

A
  • part of intrinsic conduction
  • propagates signal to AV bundle and purkinje fibers then myocardium
124
Q

stroke volume

A
  • vol of left v blood ejection in ONE contraction
  • normal is 70 ml/beat
125
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped by LV each min
- normal is around 5.25 L/min

126
Q

where does lymph drain into

A
  • thoracic and right lymph duct drain into right and left subclavian veins AND Then junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins then inferior vena cava
127
Q

what is red and white pulp spleen

A

white is lymphocytes
red is lymph, rbc, macrophages

128
Q

pulmonary circulation

A
  • supplies alveolar cap
  • comes from pulmonary artery
  • deox blood
  • ox enters pulmonary venous cap
  • feeds into 4 pulmonary veins to heart
129
Q

name the fixed cells

A
  • fibroblast, myofibroblast, adipocytes, pericytes, mast cell, macrophage
130
Q

name the transient cells

A
  • macrophage, lymphocytes, NEB, plasma cells
131
Q

langerhans cells

A

macrophage of skinn

132
Q

kupfer cells

A

macrophage of liver

133
Q

reticulinn is what type of collagen

A

type 3

134
Q

dura mater

A

dense collagenized ct

135
Q

what makes cart matrix?

A

chondroblasts (from chondrogenic cells)

136
Q

how do osteocytes communicate

A

gap junctions

137
Q

where does intramembranous bone growth happen

A
  • in mesenchymal stem cells for flat bones
138
Q

what bonnes develop around tendons

A
  • sesamoid bones
139
Q

where is periosteum not found

A

joints

140
Q

where is endosteum

A
  • central cavity of bonne with a layer of osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts
141
Q

osteon structure

A
  • compact bone with concentric lamellae
  • lined by osteoprogenitor and osteoblast
  • has neurovascular bundle
  • osteons conneced via volkman canal
142
Q

rbc origination

A

hemocytoblast to proerythroblast to polychromatic erythroblast to erythrocytes

143
Q

granulocyte origination

A

hemocytoblast to myeloblast to progranulocyte to NEB

144
Q

agranulocyte origin

A

hemocytoblast to lymph and monoblast to lymph and monocyte

145
Q

platelet origin

A

hemocytoblast to megakaryoblast to megakaryocyte to thrombocyte

146
Q

whats in plasma

A

mostly water
- proteins are albumin, globulins, clotting factors, plasma lipoproteins (cholesterol, ldl, etc)

147
Q

where does interstitial fluid of connective tissue come from

A

plasma

148
Q

hba1

A

a2b2 most blood is this

149
Q

hba2

A

a2 delta 2 second most common blood

150
Q

hbf

A

a2 gamma 2

151
Q

neutrophil

A

most of all wbc
- work in inflammation
- primary granules are myeloperoxidase
- specific and tertieary (gelatinase) granules too

152
Q

lymphocytes

A
  • 30-40% of all wbs
  • similar size to rbc
  • can develop outside bone marrow
  • not differentiated (can be t, b, or NK cell)
  • can exit and reenter circ
153
Q

natural killer cells

A
  • kill virus and tumor cells
  • secrete interferon y
154
Q

high and low cells

A

high is cytosis and phillia
low is penia

155
Q

when is it hypertensive crisis

A

higher than 180 and/or 120

156
Q

what organ reacts to blood born path

A

spleen

157
Q

cell type transition in resp

A

pseudostrat columnar to simple columnar to simple cuboidal to simple squam

158
Q

each bronchopulmonary segment/lobule has

A

tertiary bronchus, pulmonary artery, bronchial vein

159
Q

cell type. ofbronchioles

A

ciliated cuboidal epi

160
Q

mucosa of esophagus is what cell type

A

strat squam epi

161
Q

mucosa of gi tract is what cell type

A

columnar epi

162
Q

serosa is what kind of tissue

A
  • mucosa
  • mesothelium with ct
163
Q

sphincter order

A
  • pharyngoesophageal, lower esophageal, pyloric, ileocecal, anal
164
Q

parts of stomach

A

cardia, fundic, body, pyloric

165
Q

gastric mucosa (stomach) cell type

A
  • rugae with simple columnar epi
166
Q

fundic glands

A
  • gastric pits are open on surface, and the glands are at the bottom
  • parietal cells make hcl and IF
  • make gastric juice
167
Q

intestinal mucosa and its layers

A
  • plicae circularis everywhere except ileum
  • villi and microvilli

layers
inntestinal glands (crypts of lieberkuhn) with paneth cells for immunne, lamina propria with lacteals and peyter patches, mscularis mucosa, and immune cells, mainnly igA

168
Q

muscularis externa of intestines

A
  • have myenteric plexus for food movement
  • segmented contraction using inner layer of smooth muscle
  • outer longitudinal muscle layer
169
Q

porta hepatis

A
  • portal vein and artery
  • common hepatic duct (out)
  • hepatic branch of vagus
  • lymph
  • hepatic vein DOES NOT exit or enter this
170
Q

liver sinusoids

A
  • discontinous cap
  • large holes
  • carries blood from portal vein to central vein
  • kupffer cells here
  • central vein trains into sublobular vein then hepatic vein then heart
171
Q

perisinusoidal space of disse

A
  • separates hepatocytes from sinusoids
  • site of exchange btw hepatocytes and plasma
  • contain ito cells that store vit a
  • lymph drainage
172
Q

liver structure with lobules , stain

A
  • hepatocytes in lobules
  • portal triads found where lobules converge
  • triads have hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct, lymph and vagus
  • can be stained by trichrome
173
Q

what does liver make

A
  • albumin, lipoproteins, clotting factors, immune stuff, non immune globulins
  • vit a b12, d and k
  • nonessential AA
  • glucose
174
Q

which vit is in clotting

A

vit k

175
Q

how does liver get rid of toxins

A

phase I is oxidation using p450 which adds OH and COOH to foreign compounds
- phase II is conjugation to make things water soluble for kidney or gallbladder clearance

176
Q

what does liver metabolize

A

everything
- stores glucose to release or make it based on sugar levels
- converts blood ammonia to urea

177
Q

what is in bile

A
  • water, bile salt (acid) and bilirubin glucuronide
178
Q

gallbladder

A
  • stores and concentrates bile
  • simple columnar epi
  • no muscularis mucosa or submucosa
  • as blood to liver moves in, bile moves opposite to periphery
179
Q

biliary tree (or how bile moves)

A
  • from hepatocytes to gall bladder to intestine
  • bile cannaliculi vollect bile secreted by hepatocytes
  • this is lined by cholangiocytes
  • bile duct found in portal triad then goes to cystic duct to gallbladder
  • left and right hepatic ducts combine with cystic duct to form common bile duct
  • sphincter of oddi allows bile in and out
180
Q

exocrine pancreas

A
  • accinar (serous) cells that have zymogen granules
  • amylase, lipase, esterase, dnase, elastase,
  • trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen that turn proteins into peptides
  • and procarboxypolypeptidase that turns peptides into dipeptides
181
Q

endocrine pancreas

A
  • islets of langerhans have all these cells
  • alpha ccells secrete glucagon
  • beta cells seccrete insulin
  • delta cells make somatostatin
182
Q

insulin

A
  • decreas blood sugar if higher than 70 mg/100 ml
  • uptake of glucose and storage and usage
183
Q

somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide

A
  • inhibit insulin and glucagon at 70 mg
  • supress exocrine function so decrease pancreatic juice
  • control hunger
184
Q

anterior pituitary

A
  • from rathke’s pouch ectoderm
  • releases ACTH to stim adrenal cortex
  • GH for bone
  • MSH for skin
  • TSH for thyroid
  • gonadotropin
185
Q

hypothal

A
  • connected to pituitary gland via axons
  • CRH to stim pit to release ACTH
  • vasopressin and oxytocin made here to go to posterior pit to be secreted
  • TRH which acts on posterior pit to release TSH
186
Q

thyroid gland

A
  • originates from base of tong
  • has tyroid follicles that make thyroglobulin (used to make t3 triiodo and t4 thyroxin
  • parafollicular cells make calcitonin (opposite to PTH) that tone calcium down
  • connected to pit physically
187
Q

hypothal pit thyroid axis

A
  • hypothal releases TRH goes to pit to release TSH then it binds to TSH receptor on thyroid follicular cells to convert thyroglobulin to t3 and t4
188
Q

parathyroid gland

A
  • two on each side
  • chief cells make PTH that act on bone to release ca, kidney to absorb, and make vit d to absorb ca from intestine
  • from pharyngeal cleft!
189
Q

adrenal medulla

A
  • chromaffin cells make catecholamines (epi, norepi annd dopa)
  • glucocort conver norepi to epi
  • metabolized into metanephrines and vanillyl mandelic acid which is used to test function!
  • ectoderm, neural crest!
190
Q

adrenal cortex

A
  • mesoderm
  • glucocort that catabolize fat, promote gluconeo and increase blood gluc, suppress immune
  • mineralcort regulate sodium excretion
  • aldosterone reg by renin, ACTH, k and na levels
191
Q

hypothal, pit, adrenal axis

A
  • stress stim hypothal to release CRH on pit gland to release ACTH which releases cortisol to suppress immune and break down stuff for energy
192
Q

what forms primitive streak

A
  • epiblast cells
193
Q

odontoblast come from

A

neural crest

194
Q

what forms neural tube

A

neural folds on neural plate coming together

195
Q

high to low bmp forms this is bone morphogenetic protein

A

high bmp is epithelium intermediate is neural crest and low is neural plate

196
Q

neural crest stem cell type

A
  • multipotent
  • make all primary sensory and postganglionic autonomic nerves and ganglia
197
Q

cranial neural crest cells

A
  • produce craniofacial mesenchyme all mesothelium and CT of face, dentin!!!!, melanocytes, cranial ganglia
198
Q

cardiac neural crest

A
  • melanocytes, outflow of heart, smooth muslce of large arteries
199
Q

trunk neural crest

A
  • dorsal root ganglia, adrenal medulla, smooth muscle of gut (enteric)
200
Q

vagal and sacral neural crest

A

give rise to enteric ganglia

201
Q

where are pia and arachnoid meninges from

A

neural crest

202
Q

where to find fenestrated vs sinusoidal cap

A

Fenestrated are in the glomerulus as one example. Sinusoidal in the liver and bone marrow.

203
Q

sperm conditioning reactions (3)

A

conditioning removes sperm cap (spermiogenesis)
then penetrate corona radiata and zona pelucida
nucleus goes in

204
Q

in ovary at birth, there is what kind of egg and sperm

A

oogonia and primordial germ cell

205
Q

what secretes HCG to maintain progesteron

A

corp luteum and done by syncytiotrophoblast

206
Q

bilaminar disk layer

A
  • amniotic sac, epi, hypoblast, yolk sav
  • yolk sav and hypoblast gone!
207
Q

what forms cranial and caudal ends

A

epiblast cells

208
Q

how does lateral body folding happen

A

yolk sac migrates ventrally and pulls amniotic sac in so there is a gut tube with yolk sac inside

209
Q

neural plate formation

A
  • notochord process stim, induces ecto to form neural place and expand cranial and cuadal end
  • folds to form neural groove
  • the crest develops at the edge of the plate, which folds to form neural tube
210
Q

primary lymph organ

A

bone marrow and thymus

211
Q

where to find paneth cells

A

inntestinal glands (crypts of lieberkuhn) with paneth cells for immunne of SMALL INTESTINE

212
Q

eosinophils

A
  • have crystalloid bodies
  • bilobed with red dots
213
Q

where to find most peyters patches

A
  • submucosa of jejunum with lots of lymphoid tissue
214
Q

tight junctions

A

force nutrient exchange (transcellular pathway) instead of paraceullar pathway

215
Q

gap junction connexon vs connexin

A

6 protein = connexon make each connexin

216
Q

colon histology vs duodenum

A
  • has lots of mucus cells and not as many folds
217
Q

stomach and esophagus junction

A

esophagus is strat epi, which stomach is thicker with folds

218
Q

Gastroduodenal Junction

A

stomach has thick skin, while duodenum is more thin and not as folded

219
Q

rectoanal junction

A

goes from folds with cells to NO cells and barely any folds

220
Q

brunner gland histology

A

white shit underneath the villi

221
Q

thyroid vs kidney histology

A

thyroid has pink shit in the middle! thyroglobulin

D1 BS1 + II/ FSI + II (12 decks)

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