Quiz 1

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Created a host of new and serious social problems that attracted the attention of social thinkers (1780)

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

Main focus: values
Main question: how do the institutions of society contribute to value consensus and,thus, social stability
Ideal society: equilibrium
Macro

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

A hypothesis about relationship between observed facts.

Used to explain

Question 4

Sociology

Answer 4

The systematic study of human behaviour in social context

Question 5

Sociological imagination

Answer 5

The capability to understand the distinction between a person’s troubles and public issues

Question 6

Values

Answer 6

• Ideas about what is right/wrong and good/bad

* inform what issues sociologists consider important and what theories they favour to study them

Question 7

Manifest and latent functions

Answer 7

• manifest function: intended and easily observed

- latent function: unitended and less observed

Question 8

Protestant ethic

Answer 8

Reduction of religious doubts and assurance of a state of grace achieved by working diligently and living modestly

Question 9

Max Weber

Answer 9

Initiated symbolic interactions.

Argued that early development was facilitated by certain religious beliefs

Question 10

Verstehende

Answer 10

Understanding of peoples motives and meanings

Question 11

Proletariat and Bourgeois

Answer 11

• proletariat/worker: people who must sell their labour

- bourgeois/owner: owners of the means of production

Question 12

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 12

Main focus: meaning
Main question: how do individuals communicate so as to make their settings meaningful?
Ideal society: respect for the minority views
Micro

Question 13

Feminist Theory

Answer 13

Main focus: patriarchy
Main question: which social structures and interaction processes maintain male dominance and female subordination
Ideal society: reduction of gender inequality
Micro and macro

Question 14

Patriarchy

Answer 14

Societal system of male-domination

Question 15

Hawthorne effect

Answer 15

When people act differently because they know they are being watched

Question 16

Spuriousness

Answer 16

A statistical relationship between 2 variables

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

A question, hunch, or well-conceived conjecture about how the world works

Question 18

Causation

Answer 18

Involves relationship between 2 variables:

• where a change in one variable produces change or variation in a second variable
• multiple causes are involved in almost every social-scientific explanation

Question 19

Independent and dependant variable

Answer 19

• independent: hypothesized cause

- dependent: hypothesized effect

Question 20

Reliability

Answer 20

Consistency with which something can be measured

-a measurement is reliable if it is consistent or repeatable

Question 21

Validity

Answer 21

Refers to accuracy or relevancy

- am I a measuring what I say

Question 22

Ethnography

Answer 22

Researchers attempt to provide a de tailed “insiders account” of a particular way of life or culture system

Question 23

Participant observation

Answer 23

Study of social life that involves the participation of researcher, to varying degrees, in the activities of the group under investigation

Question 24

Robert Merton

Answer 24

Social structure may have different consequences for different categories of people (manifest and latent functions)
A functionalist

Question 25

Micro and macro structures

Answer 25

• micro: intimate social relations

- macro: social class relations, patriarchy

Question 26

Altruistic/anomic/egoistic suicide

Answer 26

Altruistic: occurs when social group involvement is too high (falling on a grenade)
Anomic: cause by lack of social regulation (after bankruptcy or after winning the lottery)
Egoistic: the absence of social interaction (has no friends)

Question 27

Karl Marx

Answer 27

• all elements of a society’s structure depend on its economic structure
• initiated conflict theory

Question 28

Mechanical and organic solidarity

Answer 28

• mechanical solidarity: social integration of members of a society who have common values and beliefs
• organic solidarity: social integration that arises out of the need of individuals for one another’s services

Question 29

Qualitative and quantitative methods

Answer 29

• Quantitive: numbers and statistics

- Qualitative: words and meanings

Question 30

Durkheim

Answer 30

-demonstrated that suicide rates are strongly influenced by social forces.