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Audiology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Audiology?

A

The healthcare profession devoted to hearing

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2
Q

What is an Audiologist?

A

an individual who by virtue of academic degree, clinical training and license to practice and/or professional credential is uniquely qualified to provide a comprehensive array of professional services related to audiologic identification, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of persons with impairment of auditory and vestibular function, and to the prevention of impairments associated with them

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3
Q

What are the 4 parts of the official definition of audiology?

A

Evaluation, Rehabilitation, Education, Prevention

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4
Q

What is Evaluation?

A

assess nonmedical diagnosis of auditory/vestibular problems

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5
Q

What is Rehab?

A

The use of amplification devices etc.

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6
Q

What is Education?

A

Working closely with school personnel and others. Screenings, classroom acoustics..

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7
Q

What is prevention?

A

Hearing conservation programs, PPE

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8
Q

What is the origin of Audiology?

A

After WWII. SLPs and otologists created aural rehab.

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9
Q

How many people are estimated to have hearing loss?

A

35 million; 10% of people

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10
Q

What does the outer ear consist of?

A

Pinna, External Auditory Canal and lateral surface of tympanic membrane.

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11
Q

What is the most visible portion of the outer ear?

A

Pinna

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12
Q

What is the pinna made of?

A

Cartilage and skin

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13
Q

What are the common landmarks of the outer ear?

A

Earlobe, Helix, Tragus, Antitragus, Intertragal notch, Concha (cymba and Cavum)

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14
Q

What is the earlobe made of?

A

fatty tissue

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15
Q

What is the helix?

A

The outer rim of the pinna

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16
Q

What is the tragus made of?

A

A piece of cartilage

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17
Q

What is the antitragus?

A

A bump off of the helix above the lobe

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18
Q

Where is the intertragal notch?

A

Between the tragus and the antitragus

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19
Q

What is the Concha cavum?

A

Lower part of the outer ear like a bowl

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20
Q

Where is the Concha Cymba?

A

Above the cavum

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21
Q

What is the function of the pinna?

A

It funnels sound into the External Auditory Canal (EAC) and is a resonator

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22
Q

What is the External Auditory Canal?

A

The tunnel into the temporal bone

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23
Q

What shape is the EAC?

A

elliptical or oval

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24
Q

The EAC and Auricle (pinna) are formed by…

A

one continuous piece of cartilage covered by skin

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25
Q

What is the EAC covered in?

A

Cerumen and hair follicles

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26
Q

What are the functions of the EAC?

A

Resonator, filter for low frequencies, TM protector and temperature regulator

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27
Q

What are the pharyngeal arches?

A

Mandibular, hyoid, glossopharyngeal

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28
Q

What are the 3 layers of the arches?

A

Ectoderm (outer), entoderm (inner), mesoderm (inner core)

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29
Q

What 4 things does each arch have?

A

artery, muscle, cartilage, nerve

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30
Q

What is microtia?

A

a very small pinna

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31
Q

What is anotia?

A

no pinna

32
Q

What is Canal Atresia?

A

Absence of the EAC (bilateral or unilateral)

33
Q

What is cauliflower ear?

A

Trauma to the ear that causes the pinna to lose its landmarks.

34
Q

What are some traumas that can happen to the outer ear?

A

Sunburn, Frost bite, hits

35
Q

What are keloids?

A

Small lumps after piercings

36
Q

What is external otitis?

A

Outer ear infection/ swimmers ear

37
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

Thickening of the TM could be from Otitis media.

38
Q

What are collapsing canals?

A

Cartilage looses elasticity and causes canals to collapse during hearing tests in the elderly

39
Q

What are stenotic canals?

A

Very narrow EAC

40
Q

What are osteomas?

A

Spongy bony tumors that rarely cause hearing loss

41
Q

What are extoses?

A

Hard bony growths close to TM. Usually many of them

42
Q

What is otalgia?

A

Ear pain

43
Q

Describe the tympanic membrane

A

thin, transparent, disc-like, concave

44
Q

separates the middle ear cavity from the outer ear

A

tympanic membrane

45
Q

how many layers does the tympanic membrane have?

A

3 layers

46
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

A

Lateral surface, middle layer, and medial surface

47
Q

Composed of a thin layer of skin that is continuous with the EAC. The epithelial layer

A

The lateral surface of the tympanic membrane

48
Q

Composed of fibrous connective tissues. Helps the TM vibrate in response to acoustic stimuli.

A

The middle layer of the tympanic membrane

49
Q

Formed by the mucus membrane which lines the middle ear

A

the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

50
Q

the fibrocartilaginous ring at the edges of the tympanic membrane

A

tympanic annulus

51
Q

the bony groove that the tympanic annulus fits into

A

tympanic sulcus

52
Q

What are the quadrants of the tympanic membrane?

A

anterior superior, posterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior inferior

53
Q

Which quadrant is the cone of light?

A

anterior inferior

54
Q

Which quadrant is behind the estuation tube?

A

anterior superior

55
Q

How should the tympanic membrane appear in an otoscopic examination?

A

smooth pearly grey and concave

56
Q

What is tympanosclerosis?

A

Thickening of the TM. it becomes calcified. TM will stop moving

57
Q

opening in the attic or roof of the middle ear

A

aditus

58
Q

minute air-filled chamber medial to the TM

A

Tympanum or tympanic cavity-

59
Q

The roof of the middle ear. Formed by the mastoid portion of the temporal bone

A

superior wall

60
Q

the floor of the middle ear cavity. Formed by the tympanic plate. Separates the middle ear cavity from the jugular bulb

A

inferior wall

61
Q

the lateral wall of the middle ear cavity is also

A

the tympanic membrane

62
Q

Lateral wall of the inner ear.

A

Medial/Labyrinthine Wall

63
Q

What are the two openings in the lateral wall of the middle ear cavity?

A

the oval window and the round window

64
Q

What is the promontory?

A

the bulge on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity

65
Q

What nerve passes through the middle ear?

A

facial nerve

66
Q

What is another name for the anterior wall?

A

The carotid wall because carotid artery is right in front of it

67
Q

What is another name for the eustachian tube?

A

auditory tube

68
Q

Allows air to enter Middle Ear & provides pressure equalization with atmospheric pressure to maximize Tympanic Membrane mobility

A

eustachian tube

69
Q

what are the 3 smallest bones in the body?

A

the ossicles

70
Q

What are the ossicles?

A

malleus, incus and stapes

71
Q

What are the 2 middle ear muscles?

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

72
Q

attached to the head of the stapes and moves the stapes to the side and tenses the oval window

A

Stapedius

73
Q

Attached to handle of the malleus. Moves the malleus and tenses the TM

A

tensor tympani

74
Q

in the middle ear, energy changes from …… to ……

A

acoustic to mechanical

75
Q

can be caused by swelling with estuation tube opening. Caused by infection, allergies, adenoids swelling.

A

negative middle ear pressure

Audiology (11 decks)

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