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Audiology > Aural Rehab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Aural Rehab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The principal aim of any hearing aid fitting or strategy is to….

A

ensure environmental sound, especially conversational speech, is audible without being excessively loud

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2
Q

How to troubleshoot a hearing aid

A

1, Check battery

  1. Check volume and programs
  2. Check tubing
  3. Check for excess wax
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3
Q

A hearing aid must

A
  1. Provide good sound quality
  2. Maximize speech recognition
  3. Provide comfortable amplification
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4
Q

The 5 steps in the HA selection and fitting process are:

A
  1. Candidacy
  2. Fitting protocol
  3. Fitting
  4. Hearing aid orientation (Counseling and follow up)
  5. Validation and outcome measures
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5
Q

What 3 things are important for HA candidacy?

A

Degree of HL
Degree of communication difficulty
Motivation of patient

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6
Q

Before getting a HA a child should always get

A

clearance from an ENT

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7
Q

To understand a persons degree of communication difficulty, they are given:

A

a self assessment questionnaire

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8
Q

In a self assessment questionnaire a person

A

lists their difficult situations or rates the difficulty of situations

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9
Q

For “motivation of a patient” you want someone who

A

is open to the process, open to recommendations and will follow them

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10
Q

Appropriate style is based on:

A
  1. degree/type of HL
  2. Shape of canal
  3. Dexterity & vision
  4. final say of patient
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11
Q

What are 4 reasons you should do binaural HAs?

A
  1. better sound quality
  2. no bad ear
  3. better sound localization
  4. do better in background noise
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12
Q

What does compression do?

A

Limits the amount of gain/output

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13
Q

Compression is…

A

Special circuitry built into the HA that doesn’t allow HA to produce too much amplification

Adjusted on a patient basis

Now common in all digital HAs

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14
Q

What do “multiple channels” do?

A

Divide frequency region into sections

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15
Q

Explain what “linked HAs” means

A

What you do to one HA happens to the other. Binaural HAs are “paired”

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16
Q

Explain “Quality control”

A

Want to make sure HAs are working correctly and working how the manufacturer said they would work

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17
Q

What are 4 electroacoustic characteristics?

A

OSPL90
gain
harmonic distortion
equivalent input noise

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18
Q

The 9 parts of HA protocol are:

A
  1. selection of style
  2. directional mic
  3. Binaural
  4. Compression
  5. Multiple channels
  6. Multiple memories
  7. Linked HAs
  8. Quality control
  9. Evidence based practice
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19
Q

HA fitting is a combination of:

A

Science & Art

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20
Q

Even the best HAs will fail the patient, without what?

A

HA orientation (counseling and follow up)

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21
Q

This is a written physical aid for HA instruction

A

HIOBASICS

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22
Q

What do you need to address during the HA fitting process?

A

Emotional reactions

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23
Q

3 Validation/ outcome measures are:

A
  1. Electroacoustic outcome measures
  2. Audiologic measures
  3. Self-report outcome measures
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24
Q

For pediatric HA fitting a ______ approach is necessary

A

Team

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25
Q

For pediatrics, as soon as HL is diagnosed

A

Intervention must begin immediately

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26
Q

On children, we need to use DSL fitting formulas because they

A

account for the smaller sized ear canal

calculate average ear canal resonance and dynamic range levels based on the child’s age

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27
Q

In children _______ is a must and _________ are recommended

A

compression; directional mics

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28
Q

What style of HA is recommended for a child and why?

A

Behind the ear because it can grow with the child

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29
Q

When should HAs not be worn?

A

Sports
Sleeping
Humidity

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30
Q

What is the goal of pediatric amplification?

A

Have the child wearing HAs as much as possible as soon as possible

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31
Q

Why are there more frequent follow-ups with children?

A

Because they are growing the fitting needs to be adjusted frequently

Because we would like to get as much diagnostic information as possible

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32
Q

For a child, who should dictate when the HAs are worn?

A

The parent

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33
Q

Audiologic follow up should occur every ________ during first ______ of hearing aid use

A

3 months; 2 years

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34
Q

Visits should include:

A

Behavioral hearing testing
Hearing aid adjustments/earmold checks
Electroacoustic evaluation of hearing aids

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35
Q

What problematic situations may remain even after amplification is provided?

A

Telephones, large meetings, school

36
Q

What are ALDs?

A

Assistive listening devices

Refers to devices to help a person in a certain listening situation.

37
Q

What are HATS?

A

Hearing Aid Assistive Technologies

Broader term that encompasses ALDs and devices for safety/alerting.

38
Q

ALDs and HATS can be used

A

with or without HAs

39
Q

What are ALDs designed to do?

A

reduce the effects of noise, distance and reverberation on hearing and improve the user’s ability to communicate.

40
Q

By placing the mike close to the sound source and the receiver next to the patient’s ear

A

Signal to noise ratio is improved

41
Q

8 categories of ALDs/HATS

A
  1. hardwire systems
  2. audio loop systems
  3. infrared systems
  4. FM systems
  5. Telephone devices
  6. Alert/Alarm devices
  7. Television assistive technologies
  8. Auditory trainers
42
Q

PSAPs

A

Personal sound amplification products

“intended to amplify environmental sound for non-hearing impaired consumers.”

43
Q

Need to stress the importance of including the family in the AR process to

A

help identify the needs of a child and better meet those needs

44
Q

Factors to be considered for child AR

A

HL (congenital, prelingual, postlingual)
Age
Other disabling conditions

45
Q

OAE/ABR are critical for

A

early identification

46
Q

testing/retesting should occur within

A

1st 3 months of life

47
Q

is needed to clarify medical aspects of HL

A

medical referral

48
Q

Prior to start of AR program, child should have a complete

A

medical evaluation

49
Q

Audio info needed for children includes these 7 things

A
  1. Otoscopic results
  2. Degree and configuration
  3. HL type and cause (if possible)
  4. Speech recognition ability
  5. MCL
  6. Threshold of discomfort
  7. HA performance and audibility measures
50
Q

For children, with a HA recommendation you need..

A

medical clearance

51
Q

Reevaluation should occur:
Infant:
Preschooler:
School-age:

A

Infant: every 3 months
Preschooler: Every 6 months
School-age: Annually

52
Q

A child cannot be effectively evaluated outside

A

The family system

53
Q

Best models for children are

A

Family centered early evaluation models

54
Q

We have to empower the caregiver/ parent

A

with knowledge and skills to promote the infant’s development

55
Q

Early intervention services should be performed in

A

the child’s natural environment

56
Q

Why is ongoing assessment of a child necessary?

A

we need to determine priority intervention needs, determine outcomes and best approaches for child

57
Q

What is the purpose of early intervention?

A

To support / assist families in providing learning opportunities for the infant within everyday activities, routines and occurrences.

58
Q

3 things family centered focuses on:

A

Family centered needs
Partnering with parents
Empowering family in decision making process

59
Q

2 things child centered focuses on

A

Provides direct service to child

Limited parent involvement in intervention

60
Q

What is IFSP?

A

Individualized family service plan

road map for intervention—created by professionals and family members

61
Q

What 3 things does IFSP do?

A

It describes the infant’s present levels
Identifies the family’s strengths/needs related to the infant’s development
Identifies what outcomes are expected for the family and child—

62
Q

Primary goal of early detection HL and intervention is to

A

maximize language development during the critical periods of language learning by promoting a responsive social and communicative environment and to support family adjustment to the diagnosis

63
Q

Early intervention should be: (3)

A

Consistent
Strategic
Adaptive

64
Q

6 tools of the trade in early intervention are:

A
  1. information resource
  2. coach/partner
  3. joint discoverer
  4. news commentator
  5. Partner in play
  6. Joint reflector and planner
65
Q

No 1 person or profession…

A

will have all the answers so it should be transdisciplinary

66
Q

5 step decision making process

A
  1. Get to know the infant
  2. Get to know what strategies work for communication
  3. Set clear goals
  4. Support systems
  5. Keep current with technology, etc.
67
Q

What are the 4 basic options of communication methods?

A
  1. listening/spoken language
  2. Total communication
  3. Cued speech
  4. Sign only
68
Q

Hearing aids will allow hard of hearing child to maximize

A

their residual hearing and develop speech and language skills

69
Q

What is auditory feedback loop?

A

child can self monitor speech production.

70
Q

What is SKI-HI?

A

deaf mentor program that teaches ASL to families, provides info on deaf culture.

71
Q

Family needs to understand that deafness is…

A

a unique human experience instead of a pathology or problem.

72
Q

Parents go through different stages when HL is diagnosed, what are they?

A

1) Shock: may react as if they lost a loved one. May be numb.
2) Denial: HL isn’t visible, so many parents try this. Parents might be confused, want to tell the family and them exactly what is going on with realistic expectations.
3) Anger: towards the family, parent doesent know how to help child. A good thing, since first step towards acceptance.
4) Bargaining: “I’ll do anything for my child’s disorder to disappear”
5) Depression and guilt: why did this happen? What did I do? How did I cause this?
6) Acceptance: Parent is supportive and involved and wants to do whatever they can to advocate for their child.

73
Q

Auditory skill development model from Eber includes:

A

detection, discrimination, identification, comprehension—

74
Q

Listening/ Spoken language

A

Emphasizing the oral/aural part of communication
Use residual hearing to best of their abilities
Want child to speak
Will have speech therapy
Not focused on leaning sign
Most students with hearing loss are educated in this manor
“Auditory Verbal Approach”

75
Q

Total Communication

A 
Incorperating everything
Sign
Speech
Speech reading
Nonverbal communication (Body language/Facial expressions)
ESL and pidgin used 
Using residual hearing
76
Q

Cued speech

A

Visual support system to help someone learn to speech read

Handshapes made close to the face and neck that represent groups of phonemes.

77
Q

Sign only

A

Very small percentage is told to sign only.
Usually taught ASL as 1st language and written English as 2nd
Speech production and listening skills are not heavily emphasized

78
Q

Clinician as Information Resource

A

Provide information in an objective manner

Suggest a website

79
Q

Clinician as Coach/ Partner

A

Parent is in the driver’s seat
Professional is on the sidelines giving guidance
Give guidance, provide input, but don’t tell them what to do

80
Q

Clinician as Joint Discoverer

A

Key in the partnership process
Any question can be addressed as an experiment
Ideas can be expressed as an experiment

81
Q

Clinician as News commentator

A

Promotes partnership
Providing objective, descriptive feedback about the child’s behaviors
Clinician comments on behavior and family gives their interpretation
Help understand what is best for the child

82
Q

Clinician as Partner in Play

A

Clinician demonstrates a new strategy/skill
Parents practice it in playful interactions with child/baby
Makes parents more comfortable with the new activity/skill

83
Q

Clinician as Joint reflector and planner

A

Review at the end of each session

Partners list key observations and successes

84
Q

3 components of HAs

A

Microphone
Amplifier
Reciever

85
Q

What is acoustic feedback?

A

High pitched squealing sound emitted from aid.

86
Q

Acoustic feedback can result from:

A

Poorly fitting earmold
Crack in tubing
Volume set too high
Excessive wax in EAC

87
Q

6 styles of HAs are

A 
Body aid
Eyeglass aid
BTE
Receiver in canal
In the canal 
In the ear
Completely in the Canal

Audiology (11 decks)

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