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Audiology > inner ear > Flashcards

inner ear Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for the inner ear

A

The labyrinth

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2
Q

What is the job of the labyrinth aka inner ear

A

Change the mechanical energy of the middle ear to bioelectric energy that can be interpreted by the brain

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3
Q

A maze of connecting pathways in the petrus portion of the temporal bone

A

Osseous/ bony labyrinth

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4
Q

Composed of soft tissue Organs of hearing and balance are located here

A

Membranous labyrinth

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5
Q

The central portion of the bony labrynth. The entrance to the inner ear

A

Vestibule

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6
Q

Connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea

A

Vestibule

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7
Q

The vestibule is filled with

A

Perilymph

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8
Q

The two windows in the vestibule are the

A

Oval Window and round window

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9
Q

Stapes footplate is imbedded in the

A

oval window

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10
Q

this window helps regulate pressure in the vestibule

A

Round window

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11
Q

What are the 2 sacs in the vestibule?

A

Utricle and Saccule

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12
Q

These have end organs for balance inside them

A

Utricle and saccule

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13
Q

The utricle and saccule are filled with ___ and surrounded by ____

A

endolymph; perilymph

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14
Q

What type of movement are the utricle and saccule responsible for?

A

Linear movement (forward back, left right, up down)

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15
Q

The semicircular canals arise from the

A

Utricle

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16
Q

The semicircular canals are filled with ____ and surrounded by ___

A

Endolymph; perilymph

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17
Q

The semicircular canals return to the utricle through the

A

ampullae

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18
Q

Ampullae contain ____ that respond to angular motion

A

Crista

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19
Q

Crista responds to what type of movement

A

Angular

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20
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals called

A

anterior, lateral, posterior

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21
Q

The vestibular system gives us the ability to

A

maintain balance

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22
Q

What may happen if vestibular mechanism is damaged?

A

Vertigo and nystagmus

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23
Q

What are 4 ways the vestibular system could be damaged?

A

Infections, Head Trauma, Diseases, Fluid leak

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24
Q

What are the two tests that test if nystagmus is present?

A

Electronystagmography and Videonystagmography

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25
Q

Streams of water or air pressure are injected into the EAC – this induces vertigo

A

Caloric test

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26
Q

More important than all of the vestibular testing is the

A

Case History

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27
Q

T/F Vestibular assessment and rehab are in an audiologist’s scope of practice.

A

True

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28
Q

Vestibular rehab includes

A

Habituation/ adaption exercises & Canalith repositioning exercises

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29
Q

Fluid filled space within the temporal bone

A

Cochlea

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30
Q

Cochlea extends from the ___ in a ____ direction

A

Vestibule ; medial

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31
Q

Suspended within the fluid filled space of the bony labyrinth

A

Membraneous labyrinth

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32
Q

What are the 3 fluid filled channels of the membranous labyrinth?

A

Scala vestibuli, scala tympani, and scala media

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33
Q

The uppermost of the 3 channels of the membranous labyrinth

A

Scala vestibuli

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34
Q

The scala vestibuli is filled with

A

perylimph

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35
Q

The lowermost of the 3 channels of the membranous labyrinth

A

Scala tympani

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36
Q

Scala tympani is filled with

A

Perylimph

37
Q

The middle of the 3 channels of the membraneous labyrinth

A

Scala media

38
Q

Scala media is filled with

A

endolymph

39
Q

Where the Scala vestibuli and scala tympani meet at the apex

A

Helicotrema

40
Q

Separates scala media from scala vestibuli

A

Reissner’s membrane

41
Q

The bottom of scala media

A

Basilar membrane

42
Q

What is located on the basilar membrane

A

Organ of corti

43
Q

Sits overtop of the organ of corti

A

Tectorial membrane

44
Q

e Organ of Corti has 2 types of sensory cells …

A

Outer and inner hair cells

45
Q

3 rows

A

outer hair cells

46
Q

1 row

A

inner hair cells

47
Q

Attached to the top of outer hair cells

A

Stereo cilia

48
Q

stereo cilia are embedded into the

A

tectorial membrane

49
Q

What separates the outer hair cells and the inner hair cells?

A

Corti’s arch

50
Q

How do inner hair cells move?

A

sheering, bending, or twisting which generates a potential

51
Q

When hair cells bend one way the nerve is ____ when they move in the opposite direction the nerve is ____

A

Stimulated; inhibited

52
Q

This creates a fluid motion in the cochlea

A

Vibration of the stapes in and out of the oval window

53
Q

The membranous labyrinth will move, resulting in

A

stimulation of the sensory cells and generation of neural impulses

54
Q

Fluid is set into a wavelike motion, this referred to as

A

traveling wave

55
Q

frequencies closer to the base of the cochlea

A

higher frequencies

56
Q

frequencies near the apex

A

lower frequencies

57
Q

how is the cochlea arranged? meaning high frequencies at base and low at apex

A

tonotopically

58
Q

What is the chemical composition of cochlear fluid?

A

potassium, sodium and chloride

59
Q

How would you describe cochlear fluids?

A

clear, thin and watery

60
Q

Fluid with high potassium and low sodium

A

endolymph

61
Q

fluid with strong positive potential

A

endolymph

62
Q

fluid with high sodium and low potassium

A

perilymph

63
Q

fluid with weak positive potential

A

perilymph

64
Q

provide an exchange of fluids, nutrients, and waste products within the inner ear

A

labyrinth fluids

65
Q

once ____ move the ____ are stimulated, this changes the ______ of each neuron

A

Hair cells; auditory neurons; electrical potential

66
Q

an all or nothing principal, once the threshold is reached then the neuron responds with maximum charge.

A

action potential

67
Q

Theory that ear had little resonators that stimulated with sound. Did get right is the tonotopical arrangements. High frequencies at base, low frequencies at apex.

A

Hemholtz’s resonance theory

68
Q

Theory: for each in and outward movement of the stapes footplate there is a downward and upward movement of the basilar membrane produced by a disturbance of the endolymph

A

Traveling wave theory

69
Q

Frequency specific – cochlea echoes back in same frequency region.

A

otoacoustic emmissions

70
Q

Why would otoacoustic emmissions not come back?

A

damaged hair cells

71
Q

Can use clinically; stimulus is presented and outer hair cells send it back and probe picks it up;

A

Evoked OAEs

72
Q

Can’t be used clinically because only present in 1/2 population. occur without eliciting signal

A

Spontaneous OAEs

73
Q

What are the two types of OAEs?

A

Transient evoked OAEs and Distortion product OAEs

74
Q 
Used for those who:
Difficult to test(disabilities)
Newborn hearing screening
Developmentally delayed 
Nonorganic HL (think they have HL or faking a HL)
Auditory Neuropathy
A

OAEs

75
Q

loss of sensitivity of sound, things sound softer

A

Hypacusis

76
Q

Difficulty understanding speech

A

Dysacusis

77
Q

genetic HL that occurs as you get older. This occurs earlier than prepcusis. 30s to 40s.

A

hereditodegenerative Hearing Loss

78
Q

The 3 types of hereditary hearing loss are:

A

Autosomal Dominant Inheritace, Autosomal Recessive Inheritance and X linked

79
Q

What are 3 syndromic prenatal disorders of the inner ear?

A

Trisomy, Alport Syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome

80
Q

genetic syndrome that has sensory neural HL, irises are multicolored. White forelock/ patch or hair.

A

Waardenburg syndrome

81
Q

Name 2 non syndromic prenatal disorders of the inner ear

A

Rh incompatibility

Cerebral palsy

82
Q

took it for morning sickness. It was thought to be harmless but babies were then born with missing limbs and hearing loss

A

Thalidomide

83
Q

Name 3 congenital disorders of the inner ear

A

Rubella, Zika and AIDS/HIV

84
Q

Name 3 perinatal issues that can affect hearing

A

Anoxia, Premature birth, head trauma

85
Q

Name 3 postnatal issues that can cause hearing loss

A

Meningitis, Viral infections, Labyrinthitis

86
Q

It is a rupture because of sudden change in middle ear pressure.

A

Barotrauma

87
Q

HL due to aging

A

presbycusis

88
Q

causes HL. Damage to cochlea. IE chemo, radiation

A

cochleotoxic

89
Q

Causes vertigo, damage to semicircular canals and organs, gensomycin, streptomycin.

A

Vestibulotoxic

Audiology (11 decks)

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